{"id":957,"date":"2024-09-03T18:59:46","date_gmt":"2024-09-03T18:59:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/?page_id=957"},"modified":"2024-09-19T20:06:29","modified_gmt":"2024-09-19T20:06:29","slug":"hook","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-1\/hook\/","title":{"rendered":"Module 1 Hook"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"957\" class=\"elementor elementor-957\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ddfadd3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ddfadd3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4218fb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"4218fb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/\">Home<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56ef37a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"56ef37a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd0d1a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dd0d1a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Module 1 Hook<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-583e3ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"583e3ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9251\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9251\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Essential Question<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9251\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9251\"><p>What makes Chicago an Indigenous place, past, present, and future?<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9252\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9252\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Learning Objectives<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9252\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9252\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By the end of this hook, I can\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">describe Potawatomi connections to Chicago<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">articulate the history of legal challenges and land rights at the Chicago lakefront<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">analyze how artists are claiming Chicago as a Native place<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9253\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9253\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Topical\/Time Period Focus<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9253\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9253\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This exercise directly relates to:<\/span><\/i><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Challenges of the 21st century<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9254\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9254\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Illinois Learning Standards<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9254\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9254\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">History<\/span><\/i><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SS.9-12.H.5. Analyze the factors and historical context, including overarching movements, that influenced the perspectives of people during different historical eras.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SS.9-12.H.10. Identify and analyze ways in which marginalized communities are represented in historical sources and seek out sources created by historically oppressed peoples.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9255\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9255\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Vocabulary<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9255\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9255\"><table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><b>Vocabulary&nbsp;<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><b>Pronunciation&nbsp;<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><b>Definition<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">time immemorial (adj.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><b>time <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ih\u00b7meh\u00b7<\/span><b>moh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7ree\u00b7ehl<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a time earlier than human memory, or the beginning of time<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">settlers v. Indigenous people (n.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><b>seh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7tuh\u00b7lrz \/\/ ihn\u00b7<\/span><b>di<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7juh\u00b7nuhs <\/span><b>pee<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7pl<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous peoples\u2019 origin stories connect them to a place since before human memory; settlers arrive in a place to set up their own societies (even though other people already live there)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Note that Native and Indigenous mean similar things. You will see them used to mean the same thing in this exercise.&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">against the grain (phrase)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">uh\u00b7<\/span><b>genst <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">thuh <\/span><b>grayn<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reading a primary source carefully for the histories inferred between the lines&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">intertribal (adj.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in\u00b7ter\u00b7<\/span><b>trai<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7bl<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">people from multiple tribes being present and\/or people from multiple tribes sharing space, ideas, and connections<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">removal (n.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ruh\u00b7<\/span><b>moov<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7uhl<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">taken away; in the context of Native history, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Removal <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">refers to the forced separation of Native people from their homelands<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Relocation policy (n.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ree\u00b7low\u00b7<\/span><b>kay<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7shn <\/span><b>paa<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7luh\u00b7see<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a federal policy to assimilate Native people by moving them from reservations to cities for work<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ongoing (adj.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ahn\u00b7<\/span><b>goh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7eeng<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">something still happening<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">#landback (n.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">land\u00b7<\/span><b>bak<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a movement to ensure the well-being of lands and waters by restoring them to Indigenous stewardship and recognizing Indigenous authority (sovereignty) as caretakers of the land<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stewardship (n.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><b>stoo<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7urd\u00b7ship<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">thoughtful caretaking of a place or item&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9256\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9256\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Steps<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9256\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9256\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1541\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-1024x774.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-768x580.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background.png 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><strong>Note to teachers<\/strong>: We invite you to use the components of the Indigenous Chicago curriculum that best align with the needs of your classroom. The following suggested steps can be modified as needed, and we invite you to use the teacher\u2019s history brief to inspire new exercises that best meet the needs of your students. Please note that we suggest shortening, rather than modifying, the language of historical sources to best reflect the original source\u2019s context, intention, and voice.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">North America has been home to Indigenous peoples since <\/span><b>time immemorial<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Indigenous relationships with lands and waters <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for thousands of years <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have shaped Indigenous languages, foods, medicines, architecture, technologies, religious or spiritual beliefs, governments, and so much more. These lands show Indigenous people who they are and how to live in a good way. These lands are Native lands.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Native nations\u2019 relationships with this place long pre-date the arrival of settlers, and Native people have never given up their connections to their lands and waters. When French, and later British and American settlers, arrived in the Chicago area, they were entering an established Native world. They didn\u2019t know how to find food, shelter, or medicine here, or how to navigate politics between Native nations. But Native people did. They had developed rich knowledge of this place for generations. Native peoples\u2019 generosity in sharing resources and knowledge allowed Europeans to survive here.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Native nations hold deep histories that testify to these relationships and connections to place. Unfortunately, <\/span><b>settler <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">history has not always believed Indigenous people. This is because of a racist belief that Indigenous people were primitive. Europeans believed that Indigenous people were not capable of having a complex history in the way Europeans did.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this module, we\u2019ll look at some of the kinds of sources that demonstrate that Chicago is Indigenous place. These include Indigenous narratives of their own histories, colonial sources that we\u2019ll read <\/span><b>against the grain<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and maps from both Indigenous and non-Indigenous mapmakers. Indigenous histories show us an honest and holistic sense of a place\u2019s past(s), present(s), and future(s).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chicago continues to be a Native place. It has one of the largest urban <\/span><b>intertribal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> communities in the United States today. This community includes both Indigenous people who have returned to their homelands after <\/span><b>Removal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and other Indigenous people whose families have come here both on their own and through federal programs like <\/span><b>Relocation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The community now represents thousands of people from dozens of Native nations across North America, as well as Indigenous people who have moved here from other parts of the world.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s start by thinking about how Native artists name Chicago as a Native place.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><br \/><br \/><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1541\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"50\" height=\"38\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-1024x774.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-768x580.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background.png 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" \/><strong>Note to teachers<\/strong>: we suggest conducting this exercise as a Jigsaw!<\/span><\/i><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. View or read one or more of these recent media stories. As you read, consider: What claims do the Indigenous people in these articles make about their historical and <\/span><b>ongoing<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> connections to the lands and waters of Chicago?<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Source 1: \u201cA Public Art Project Tackles Unceded Land in Chicago,\u201d Belt Magazine, November 2021: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/beltmag.com\/public-art-unceded-land-chicago\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/beltmag.com\/public-art-unceded-land-chicago\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can connect this with artist JeeYeun Lee\u2019s photo essay in the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">About Place<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">! <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aboutplacejournal.org\/article\/whose-lakefront\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/aboutplacejournal.org\/article\/whose-lakefront\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Source 2: Chicago Public Library one-hour virtual panel, \u201cWhose Lakefront?\u201d, October 2021: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chipublib.org\/blogs\/post\/whose-lakefront-chicagos-unceded-native-land\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.chipublib.org\/blogs\/post\/whose-lakefront-chicagos-unceded-native-land\/<\/span><\/a><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Source 3: \u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Native in the Arts Spotlight: Visual Artist Andrea Carlson Talks About Her Chicago \u2018You Are on Potawatomi Land\u2019 Mural,\u201d Native News Online, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">July 2021: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/nativenewsonline.net\/arts-entertainment\/native-in-the-arts-spotlight-visual-artist-andrea-carlson-talks-about-her-chicago-you-are-on-potawatomi-land-mural\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/nativenewsonline.net\/arts-entertainment\/native-in-the-arts-spotlight-visual-artist-andrea-carlson-talks-about-her-chicago-you-are-on-potawatomi-land-mural<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><br \/><br \/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Now that you\u2019ve read one or more of the sources:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Which Native nations do the sources say have close ties to Chicago?<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What legal battles do the sources bring up to show Chicago is a Native place?<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How are these artists and historians using artwork and history to talk about land, dispossession, and Indigenous presence?<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><br \/><br \/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. In recent years, <b style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\">#landback<\/b><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\"> has become an increasingly visible and vibrant movement to return <\/span><b style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\">stewardship<\/b><span style=\"background-color: transparent; font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\"> of Indigenous lands and waters to Indigenous people.\u00a0<\/span><br \/><\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/can-indigenous-land-stewardship-protect-biodiversity-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Geographic<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Indigenous people currently protect 80% of the world\u2019s remaining biodiversity within their lands. How might the <\/span><b>#landback<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> movement connect with fighting climate change<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Within the first hundred years of its existence, the United States seized over 1.5 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">billion<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> acres of land from Indigenous peoples. You can see a visual of that land loss <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arcgis.com\/apps\/webappviewer\/index.html?id=eb6ca76e008543a89349ff2517db47e6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">here<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. How might <\/span><b>#landback<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> be a way of addressing past injustices<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chicago has one of the largest urban <\/span><b>intertribal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> communities in the United States today. Indigenous people are impacted by the city\u2019s policies, just like you. Who has a seat at the table for the decision making that shapes how cities grow and change? How might <\/span><b>#landback <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">be a way of making sure Indigenous people also have a say in the futures of their homelands?<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9257\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9257\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Source 1: \u201cA Public Art Project Tackles Unceded Land in Chicago,\u201d November 26, 2021 by Kerry Cardoza for BELT Magazine <\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9257\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9257\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The story is available in full <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/beltmag.com\/public-art-unceded-land-chicago\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">here<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1135\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1135\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1135 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Kerry-Cardoza-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Kerry-Cardoza-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Kerry-Cardoza-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Kerry-Cardoza-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Kerry-Cardoza-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Kerry-Cardoza-1536x1536.png 1536w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Kerry-Cardoza.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1135\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kerry Cardoza<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kerry Cardoza is a Chicago-based journalist who writes about art, culture, politics, and power. She has a Master\u2019s degree in journalism from Northwestern University. Cardoza is the art editor at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/art.newcity.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Newcity<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the punk columnist at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/daily.bandcamp.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bandcamp Daily<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Source citation: Cardoza, Kerry. \u201cA Public Art Project Tackles Unceded Land in Chicago.\u201d November 26, 2021, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BELT Magazine.&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1541 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-1024x774.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-768x580.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background.png 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><strong>Note to teachers:<\/strong> If you need a shorter excerpt, we suggest including the sentences we have temporarily bolded below. Whether you use the excerpt or the whole source, we suggest you remove the bolding before assigning this text.&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><b>A Public Art Project Tackles Unceded Land in Chicago<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">November 26, 2021<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>\u2018Whose Lakefront\u2019 marks the Indigenous history of the Lake Michigan coast<\/b><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By Kerry Cardoza<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>For many Chicagoans, the lakefront is the city\u2019s crown jewel. It features an eighteen-mile pedestrian trail and more than two dozen public beaches, not to mention scenic and recreational sites like Promontory Point, Navy Pier, the Museum Campus, and Grant Park. Other than being points of civic pride, these places all have another thing in common: they sit on <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.choosechicago.com\/articles\/parks-outdoors\/fun-in-the-sun-on-chicagos-beaches\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>unceded Native land<\/b><\/a><b>. The area was <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fieldmuseum.org\/about\/land-acknowledgment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>originally inhabited<\/b><\/a><b> by the Council of the Three Fires\u2014the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi\u2014as well as the Menominee, Meskwaki, Sauk, Miami, Wea, Piankashaw, Kickapoo, Illinois, Winnebago\/Ho\u2019Chunk, Otoe, Missouria, and Iowas.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Chicago-based artist JeeYeun Lee sought to draw attention to the history of this land with her public art project <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whoselakefront.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Whose Lakefront<\/b><\/a><b>. A central component was an October 2 procession led by Native people, who drew a line of red sand along Michigan Avenue in downtown Chicago. The street demarcates where the original border of the Chicago lakefront used to be, before city leaders began expanding the city\u2019s footprint by adding in lakefill, much of it debris from the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Lee was inspired to make work about the unceded land after reading<\/b><b><i> Imprints: The Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians &amp; the City of Chicago<\/i><\/b><b>, a book by Ohio State University professor John Low (Pokagon Band of Potawatomi). She said one of the most striking stories in the book was about a 1914 lawsuit filed by the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians against the City of Chicago and other landowners. In the suit, the Pokagon asserted that they were legally entitled to the shorefront. In a series of treaties signed between 1795 and 1833, the Potawatomi and other neighboring tribes, such as the Ottawa and the Chippewa, had been forced to sign away much of the land that makes up Illinois and other areas in the Midwest. But since 1833, the lakefront had been expanded. As the heavily-researched <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whoselakefront.com\/treaties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Whose Lakefront website<\/b><\/a><b> points out, none of these treaties deal explicitly with the bed of Lake Michigan.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whoselakefront.com\/sand-bar-claim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The website excerpts<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Chicago Tribune articles on the Potawatomi\u2019s land reclamation efforts, dating back to 1900. Low points out that Simon Pokagon, the son of Leopold Pokagon, who founded the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi, fought to claim this land in the 1890\u2019s. This history shows that the calls for land back span well over a century. \u201cThis land back thing, and the activism about Native rights, is not a new phenomenon,\u201d Low said. \u201cMy elders were doing it back in 1914 when they were suing for the Chicago lakefront. We\u2019ve always been active. We\u2019ve always resisted as much as we could. And we took that case to the U.S. Supreme Court, so that\u2019s about as resistant as you can get within the parameters of the law.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Low notes that most Pokagon tribal members were also included in the suit, including his great-grandmother. The judge dismissed the claim, which was appealed and eventually came before the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1917, <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/tile.loc.gov\/storage-services\/service\/ll\/usrep\/usrep242\/usrep242434\/usrep242434.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>the court ruled against the Potawatomi<\/b><\/a><b>, stating they had \u201cabandoned\u201d the land. The ruling did not seem to take into account laws like the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which forced Indians to cede their land east of the Mississippi River and instead move west. Nor did it consider the 1838 <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/johnlowpokagon.files.wordpress.com\/2015\/11\/keepers-of-the-fire.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>forcible removal of Potawatomi<\/b><\/a><b> from areas throughout the Midwest to present-day Kansas, a journey of more than six hundred miles. The brutal removal, now referred to as the Potawatomi Trail of Death, led to the deaths of dozens of Potawatomi.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIt was very illuminating, to learn all of these stories that I had never been exposed to. Chicago has one of the largest urban Indian communities in the country, but if you\u2019re not connected to it, there\u2019s really no visibility at all,\u201d Lee said. \u201cThis idea of the lawsuit about this very concrete piece of land, really caught my imagination.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lee had incorporated walking into her art practice before, as an MFA student in Detroit and then later in Chicago, with a project that included five walks of twenty miles each, investigating and witnessing \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jeeyeunlee.com\/100-miles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the histories of settler colonialism, racial segregation, and class exploitation that shape the Chicago region<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d \u201cI like both the literal and the figurative pace of walking as a way to be in a place, but that isn\u2019t completely still,\u201d Lee told me. \u201cSo there\u2019s still time to notice what\u2019s in a place and try to both feel and see what\u2019s there.\u201d She has also long been interested in using her artwork to understand her \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jeeyeunlee.com\/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">position as an immigrant from a formerly colonized country, here now because of U.S. imperialism<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d (Lee is from Korea, and moved to the U.S. as a child.)<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_970\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-970\" style=\"width: 375px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-970\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/JeeYeun_Lee_071-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"375\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/JeeYeun_Lee_071-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/JeeYeun_Lee_071-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/JeeYeun_Lee_071.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-970\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by JeeYeun Lee<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With Whose Lakefront, Lee said, the idea was about marking the land. Lee worked with a committee, made up primarily of local Native people, to plan the project over more than two years. She attended different Native-led events around the city, talking about the project and making connections, and eventually putting together a planning committee. \u201cI had a really good feeling about this project,\u201d says Debra Yepa-Pappan (Jemez Pueblo\/Korean), who joined the planning committee early on. \u201cThis was around the time where a lot of other non-Native businesses and organizations were trying to craft their own land acknowledgments. This felt like a really great opportunity to take that land acknowledgement further.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Madolyn Wesaw (Pokagon Band of Potawatomi), who was also on the planning committee, appreciated how Lee made \u201csure that it was Potawatomi people whose voices were being centered throughout the entire thing.\u201d Fellow committee member Aaron Golding (Seneca Nation, Beaver clan) commends Lee for the participatory planning process. \u201cFor a non-Native person to want to do work with Natives about Native issues and with community, JeeYeun just did it in this really genuine way that invited everyone into the conversation and let the scope and scale and vision of her initial idea shift and shape based on the ideas and participation of the people in the committee,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The long planning process was due to the pandemic\u2014the procession was originally supposed to happen in 2020. But the delay allowed more time to notify all the businesses along the 1.5-mile route, which was required, and to build relationships. (Despite the extra time, the city&nbsp; didn\u2019t provide the necessary permit until the day before the event.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>On the day of the event\u2013October 2\u2013participants gathered in a plaza downtown starting at around 11:30 a.m. People attended from across the Midwest and, in some instances, across the country; though the lawsuit was filed by the Potawatomi, the question of land ownership is one that affects all Native people. Small groups of people made their way to the site, many dressed in ribbon skirts, ribbon shirts, and other traditional dress. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Wesaw, that public display was itself profoundly meaningful. \u201cMy mother\u2019s generation, my grandmother\u2019s generation, they would have been sent to jail for that,\u201d she told me. \u201cIt was really empowering to be able to do that so boldly, and so unapologetically, for the ancestors who couldn\u2019t do those things.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">About fifty of the participants were Native students in town for the annual Big 10 Native Student Gathering, which was taking place at Northwestern University. Kadin Mills (Ojibwe), a Northwestern student who was part of the contingent, noted that though several people seemed visibly uncomfortable to see so many Native youth together, the experience was powerful. \u201cThe visibility was really nice,\u201d he told me. \u201cIt was amazing to be able to participate in something much bigger than myself, much bigger\u2026than everyone else that was there, because it\u2019s been something that our ancestors have been fighting for. And now we\u2019re fighting for it too.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_971\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-971\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-971\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Allen_Turner_20211002_0044-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Allen_Turner_20211002_0044-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Allen_Turner_20211002_0044-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Allen_Turner_20211002_0044-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Allen_Turner_20211002_0044.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-971\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Allen Turner<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><b><br><\/b><\/p><p><b><br><\/b><\/p><p><b>The procession took close to two hours to complete. Lee says she was glad it was a durational performance, because it gave her time to realize that the project was finally happening. \u201cI really enjoyed the process of disrupting the comfort and status quo way of thinking about what downtown Chicago is and who it\u2019s for,\u201d she said.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Lois Biggs (White Earth Ojibwe\/Oklahoma Cherokee) was present at the procession, and also appreciated the slow pace, which was so different from the way you typically move through downtown Chicago. \u201cWhen you\u2019re walking with hundreds of people and putting down these lines of sand and talking to people who are asking questions about it, and kind of moving together, getting to know each other, stopping for traffic, you\u2019re moving at this really slow pace,\u201d she said. \u201cYou just notice so much more, and you\u2019re able to really feel in your body and feel as a group. Just to be present on the land and to really feel the history of it all. And feel the sadness there. But then also that shared joy that comes from this moment of reclamation.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>&nbsp;The procession came to a close at Pioneer Court, so-called because <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/interactive.wttw.com\/timemachine\/pioneer-court\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>it is believed to be the site<\/b><\/a><b> of the former homestead of Jean-Baptiste Point du Sable, the first non-Native settler of Chicago. Across from us, on the other side of the Chicago River, was a massive painting by Grand Portage Ojibwe artist Andrea Carlson that read, \u201cYou Are on Potawatomi Land.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now, Pioneer Court is home to an Apple store. Folks gathered on tiered seating outside of it to hear closing remarks written by John Low and to witness a Potawatomi water ceremony, led by Billie Warren, from the Pokagon Band. \u201cThat was really impactful just to be in that space,\u201d Kadin Mills said. \u201cIt\u2019s a weekend in Chicago in fall, it\u2019s still warm, and there are tons of tourists and people out. Having that visible space where we\u2019re singing and doing ceremony in public in Chicago was something I\u2019ve never experienced before.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Wesaw agrees that raising awareness is one of the most important components of the project. \u201cA lot of people aren\u2019t really familiar with Potawatomi history,\u201d she said. Today there is a sizable population of Pokagon Potawatomi in and around Dowagiac, Michigan, <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pokagonband-nsn.gov\/our-culture\/history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>near land that Leopold Pokagon purchased in the 1830\u2019s<\/b><\/a><b>.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> [At the time of this article, there were]<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.usda.gov\/main\/midewin\/workingtogether\/tribalrelations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> no federally recognized tribes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Illinois; the Pokagon didn\u2019t gain federal recognition until 1994. <\/span><b>Wesaw highlights the importance of telling stories about Indigenous triumphs and how they have overcome adversity, noting that Native Americans were only granted religious freedom in the 1970\u2019s. \u201cWe\u2019ve only recently been in a place where we can openly be Native without fear of persecution, and because of all that persecution, a lot of things were lost,\u201d she said. \u201cWhat you\u2019re seeing right now, this is the first and second wave of people who are coming back to revitalize our culture in a really meaningful way.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u201cOne thing I was really hoping for in this project,\u201d Lee said, \u201cwas that by having it in public space, that there would be more people encountering it than if it were in a gallery or in a book. And even if they didn\u2019t completely understand the context or the meaning of it, it would shift something in their experience of this place. I think art is really important for that.\u201d She is interested in seeing what other projects might stem from this one. \u201cI feel like one question for me coming out of this is: How do you go from marking unceded land to actual land back, and is there an artistic or creative way to push the issue even further?\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Low believes Whose Lakefront was successful in helping to uncover this \u201chidden history of Chicago,\u201d which he also discusses in Imprints. \u201cThey always talk about truth and reconciliation,\u201d he says. \u201cWell, truth is education, so we can\u2019t get to reconciliation until you know the truth. We have to have an acknowledged understanding among the majority of people of what happened to the Indians. We didn\u2019t give up the land freely or voluntarily. The land was taken from us, and we haven\u2019t forgotten. We\u2019re still here, and we haven\u2019t forgotten.\u201d \u25a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This story is part of the Indigenous Rust Belt project, supported by <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohiohumanities.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ohio Humanities<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>Kerry Cardoza<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a Chicago-based journalist who writes about art, culture, politics, and power. She is the art editor at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/art.newcity.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Newcity<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the punk columnist at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/daily.bandcamp.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bandcamp Daily<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Cover image by Peter Fitzpatrick.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9258\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9258\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Source 2: Chicago Public Library\u2019s one-hour virtual panel, \u201cWhose Lakefront?\u201d, October 2021<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9258\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9258\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Source citation: Lee, JeeYeun, John Low, Madolyn Wesaw, and Debra Yepa-Pappan, \u201cWhose Lakefront.\u201d Chicago Public Library Panel, October 2021.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h1><b>Whose Lakefront: Chicago\u2019s Unceded Native Land<\/b><\/h1><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">October 26, 2021<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Learn about the history and occupation of Indigenous land by marking the presence of unceded territory in the heart of Chicago\u2019s downtown. The \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whoselakefront.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whose Lakefront<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d project is based on a 1914 lawsuit brought by the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians against Chicago for land along the lakefront.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Members of the Pokagon Band, based in Michigan, along with a Native resident of Chicago and non-Native ally, will discuss this history and contemporary Native sovereignty as highlighted through a recent public art project marking this unceded territory in the heart of Chicago&#8217;s downtown. Panelists include JeeYeun Lee, John Low (Pokagon Band Potawatomi), Madolyn Wesaw (Pokagon Band Potawatomi), and Debra Yepa-Pappan (Jemez Pueblo\/Korean). This program is co-sponsored by CPL\u2019s Native American Heritage Committee.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">View the recorded one-hour panel <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chipublib.org\/blogs\/post\/whose-lakefront-chicagos-unceded-native-land\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">here<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chipublib.org\/blogs\/post\/whose-lakefront-chicagos-unceded-native-land\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-979\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Whose-Lakefront-300x170.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Whose-Lakefront-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Whose-Lakefront-1024x581.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Whose-Lakefront-768x436.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Whose-Lakefront.png 1166w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-9259\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-9259\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Source 3:  \u201cNative in the Arts Spotlight: Visual Artist Andrea Carlson Talks About Her Chicago \u2018You Are on Potawatomi Land\u2019 Mural,\u201d Native News Online, July 2021<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-9259\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-9259\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The article is available in full <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/nativenewsonline.net\/arts-entertainment\/native-in-the-arts-spotlight-visual-artist-andrea-carlson-talks-about-her-chicago-you-are-on-potawatomi-land-mural\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">here<\/span><\/a>.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-981 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Monica-Whitepigeon-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Monica-Whitepigeon-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Monica-Whitepigeon-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Monica-Whitepigeon-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Monica-Whitepigeon.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monica Whitepigeon (also known as Monica Rickert-Bolter) is a Prairie Band Potawatomi, Black, and German artist and journalist based in Chicago. She is a co-founder of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.centerfornativefutures.org\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Center for Native Futures<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Chicago.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Source citation: Monica Whitepigeon, \u201cNative in the Arts Spotlight: Visual Artist Andrea Carlson Talks About Her Chicago \u2018You Are on Potawatomi Land\u2019 Mural.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Native News Online, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">July 2021, nativenewsonline.net.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1541 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-1024x774.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-768x580.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background.png 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><strong>Note to teachers<\/strong>: If you need a shorter excerpt, we suggest including the sentences we have temporarily bolded below. Whether you use the excerpt or the whole source, we suggest you remove the bolding before assigning this text.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h1><b>Native in the Arts Spotlight: Visual Artist Andrea Carlson Talks About Her Chicago &#8220;You Are on Potawatomi Land&#8221; Mural<\/b><\/h1><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">BY MONICA WHITEPIGEON <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">JULY 15, 2021<\/span><\/p><p><b>CHICAGO \u2014The \u201cWindy City\u201d is undergoing a cultural reckoning, especially within the public art scene, and Native people are making their presence known. Just below the city\u2019s ever-changing skyline is its RiverWalk that caters to tourists by offering architectural boat tours and restaurants\/bars along the southside of the Chicago River. Above the ticket stands is a mural with an eloquent reminder, \u201cBod\u00e9wadmikik \u0117th\u00eb y\u00e9y\u00e9k\/You are on Potawatomi Land.\u201d<\/b><\/p><figure id=\"attachment_982\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-982\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-982\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/You_are_on_Potawatomi_Land-300x223.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/You_are_on_Potawatomi_Land-300x223.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/You_are_on_Potawatomi_Land-768x571.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/You_are_on_Potawatomi_Land.png 938w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-982\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Overlooking the mural from DuSable Bridge\/Michigan Avenue. Photo courtesy of Andrea Carlson<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>The multilingual mural was created by local Ojibwe artist Andrea Carlson. It was installed this past June and will be on display for at least the next two years. The project was designated before Chicago\u2019s recently established <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/chicagomonuments.org\/monuments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>monuments committee<\/b><\/a><b>, which was created in response to last year\u2019s protests against the <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/nativenewsonline.net\/currents\/columbus-statues-in-chicago-removed-overnight-after-week-of-protests\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Columbus statues<\/b><\/a><b> and aims to rectify monuments throughout the city. Carlson is not on the committee but recognizes the need for transformative change and utilizes her paintings\/drawings to reference cultural narratives in resistance to institutional authorities.<\/b><\/p><figure id=\"attachment_983\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-983\" style=\"width: 265px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-983\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Carlson-265x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"265\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Carlson-265x300.png 265w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Carlson.png 545w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 265px) 100vw, 265px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-983\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andrea Carlson<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>In a recent interview with <\/b><b><i>Native News Online<\/i><\/b><b>, Carlson explained her perspective and take on this project.<\/b><\/p><p><b><i>What is the official name of the project? What are the dimensions? What material did you use? How did you create it?<\/i><\/b><\/p><p><b>The piece is called \u201cYou are on Potawatomi Land\u201d and its overall dimensions across all five banners are 15\u2019 high by 266\u2019 long. The original artworks are five oil paintings on canvas. These paintings were scanned with a large format scanner and the digital files were blown up to accommodate the incredibly large format of the banners. The text was digitally added. The images were then printed on a mesh that allows the wind and air to flow through it.\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><b>I got a lot of help.<\/b><\/p><p><b><i>What are you hoping people will take away from your mural?<\/i><\/b><\/p><p><b>The phrase \u201cBod\u00e9wadmikik \u0117th\u00eb y\u00e9y\u00e9k\u201d (You all are on Potawatomi land) is a simple statement of truth in a sea of settler fantasies in that particular area of Chicago. Within a block of the banners is an image of a dead Native man on DuSable Bridge, there is a Blackhawks merchandise store, the former site of Fort Dearborn, and many people in Chicago don\u2019t know this, but the man-made lakeshore is unceded. So, the audience takeaway should be a simple moment of truth in a harmful and antagonistic area of the city.\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><b><i>Tell me how the project came to be and why you\u2019re so passionate about Potawatomi representation in the city.<\/i><\/b><\/p><p><b>I\u2019m Ojibwe, and I moved from Minneapolis, which is Dakota country, to Chicago about five years ago. I was thrilled to finally be on Anishinaabe\/Nishnabek land, but it didn\u2019t take me long to learn that the Potawatomi were removed and exiled from Chicago. That historic removal takes on new forms to this day. The location of the Zhegagoynak (Chicago) is in the very heart of Potawatomi\u2019s traditional territory. Although Ojibwe and Potawatomi people are ethnically related and we hold each other close, I don\u2019t want to prioritize my sense of belonging. I don\u2019t want to participate in the prolonged displacement [of] Potawatomi people.<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I must confess, it took me a while to get, as you say, \u201cpassionate about Potawatomi representation\u201d in Chicago. When I was thinking of texts for the banners, my first thought was for it to say, \u201cFormer Shoreline\u201d because, indeed, that area of the river was a shoreline before the settler, man-made land was extended into the lake. I also considered \u201cYou are on Stolen Land\u201d but that seems to be focused on the past, centering the settler act of stealing land. Bod\u00e9wadmikik \u0117th\u00eb y\u00e9y\u00e9k (you are on Potawatomi land) seems more hopeful, and it is a statement of perpetual belonging for the Potawatomi people. I want you to see it and feel seen, not erased. \u201cYou are on Stolen Land\u201d doesn\u2019t give me that same sense. \u201cYou are on Anishinaabe Land\u201d was also considered, because I was hoping that the word \u201cAnishinaabe\u201d would provide me with cover from Native nations who like to see ourselves mentioned. When I asked Kyle Malott (Pokagon Potawatomi) to translate the English to Potawatomi for me, he changed Anishinaabe to Potawatomi, and I thought about it for a second, and thought, \u201cYes, he is right.\u201d That specific land where the banners fly was contested, and it was the Potawatomi who came back and fought for it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>Without getting into too much legal talk, the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi sued the city claiming that the man-made lakefront violated the treaties and was not part of the original agreements. The Supreme Court of the United States\u2014big shocker\u2014ruled against them in Williams v. City of Chicago, 242 U.S. 434 (1917) claiming that the Potawatomi \u201cabandoned\u201d the land. The Trail of Death, which is the name given generally to the removal of Potawatomi happened before the shoreline was built out, but we must remember that Native removal isn\u2019t a singular event of removal, but rather, a prolonged exile. SCOTUS\u2019s decision over Potawatomi belonging and Chicago\u2019s lakefront is incredibly hostile. If anyone wanted to read into this decision, I strongly recommend reading John Low\u2019s book <\/b><b><i>Imprints: The Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians and the City of Chicago<\/i><\/b><b> (2016). John Low\u2019s book and friendship was a big inspiration for this banner piece.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>Another reason I chose those words for the banner piece is the current #LandBack movement. This movement of rematriating the land means that we as Native people must start thinking of these historic cases. The Pokagon Band came back for the land. They had used their resources to sue and made a case for the lakefront on behalf of all Potawatomi people. I wanted my piece to bow to those Potawatomi ancestors whose hearts were broken with that decision. I want to make sure that Potawatomi people know that they are home when they see this work.\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><b><i>This area has historical significance as the former site of Fort Dearborn and the bridge commemorates it with a statue of white settlers and a dead Native man. What do you think would be a better way to permanently (or not) signify the history?<\/i><\/b><\/p><p><b>There are images of violence towards Native people all over that area of the Chicago River. These images normalize anti-Indigenous violence. It is a harmful place, but it could be a place of healing. I would love to see Native-made art all over the city. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I worked with Lydia Ross at the Department of Cultural Affairs and Special Events (DCASE) for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You are on Potawatomi Land<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. We had started working on it prior to the pandemic, well before the Columbus statue was removed in Grant Park.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>If I were to make recommendations, I think that a formal and ongoing program where Potawatomi and other Native artists are supported by the city is needed. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foundations and other institutions that are highly visible need to adopt the language of supporting \u201cChicago based and displaced artists\u201d that recognizes that Potawatomi people and their artists will always have belonging here.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>The city erases us, but artists can draw us back in. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To your other question: I don\u2019t know if artworks need to be permanent, as long as we are always present. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You are on Potawatomi Land<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> will be up for years, but it will eventually come down. I would be thrilled if the next artist to make a banner project in that location was Potawatomi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You\u2019ve done a lot of social justice work in Minnesota and at institutions in different states. What\u2019s your experience been like in Chicago\/Illinois?<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is weird because I find myself clinging to a small group of artists here (including Monica Whitepigeon). We are in the process of starting up the Center for Native Futures, a Native artist-run art space in downtown Chicago. The city is so big that I think that we are like ants on the surface of water clinging to each other to stay afloat. We are aiding each other\u2019s wellbeing and survival, unlike crabs in the bucket, which Chicago has plenty of.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I could speak at length about institutional abuse, specifically about museums. They are not so different from city to city. They all read from the same colonial playbook, and their healing processes are also looking very similar. Some things are incredibly disheartening about Illinois. I am on the Illinois State Museum board, and there are seven thousand ancestors in the collection, but that will change soon.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> **** mascot! <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Blackhawks team reaches into its pockets to make it seem like they are different from other Native mascots. They try their hardest to make it seem like Native people approve of it. The Columbus Day Parade in downtown Chicago is a white supremacy march. No Indigenous Peoples Day here. We get nothing here. We have a lot of work to do in Chicago.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are some other projects you\u2019re currently working on?<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I\u2019m working on a large painting right now called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cast a Shadow<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It is full of references to Native memory work and memorial practices, and it has a sculptural component. Effigy poles will be installed in Infront of the painting and obscure it. I am also working on a painting about a fantasy I have about Michigan returning Isle Royale to Grand Portage Ojibwe people. I\u2019m also researching materials for two major commissions, but I\u2019m not allowed to talk about those yet.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b><i>What\u2019s your advice to others who want to see more accurate Native\/Indigenous representations of their tribes in cities?<\/i><\/b><\/p><p><b>Listen to Native people. Go to our presentations, our exhibitions, and read our books. Antagonize the settler mentality that lives in your head &#8212; I must do that too. Question institutions that don\u2019t acknowledge the Indigenous land that they are built upon. If you live in Chicago, pay attention to your alderman and their views towards things like the initiative for replacing Columbus Day with Indigenous Peoples Day. Stop Line 3, give the movement money to bail out Water Protectors. Help us with these things so we can focus our time on our robust survival, our joy, and our healing. We can tell our own stories. Take a class in American Indian and Indigenous Studies. I could go all day.<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c54ffe0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c54ffe0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8730c06 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8730c06\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-641dff7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"641dff7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86529f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"86529f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Downloadable Documents<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1938ebf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1938ebf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Everything in this module will be available to download as Word documents. Coming soon!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What makes Chicago an Indigenous place, past, present, and future?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":970,"parent":908,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-957","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Module 1 Hook - Indigenous Chicago<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-1\/hook\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Module 1 Hook - 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