{"id":521,"date":"2024-08-29T18:07:50","date_gmt":"2024-08-29T18:07:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/?page_id=521"},"modified":"2025-05-13T20:27:42","modified_gmt":"2025-05-13T20:27:42","slug":"storymap","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/storymap\/","title":{"rendered":"Digital Resources and Maps"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"521\" class=\"elementor elementor-521\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-676e7ec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"676e7ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1b607c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e1b607c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Digital Resources Story Map<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0cf4a6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e0cf4a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c93b9f elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"2c93b9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;h5&quot;,&quot;h6&quot;],&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:&quot;map-sections&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;No headings were found on this page.&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tIn this Story Map\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2c93b9f\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__2c93b9f\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__2c93b9f\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4cb2ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f4cb2ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc072d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc072d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Welcome to the Digital Resources Story Map page for the Indigenous Chicago project. On this page, you will find more than a dozen new maps and graphics that re-interpret Chicago\u2019s history from Native perspectives. The narrative below also links out to many of the points on our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/map.indigenous-chicago.org\/pr\/indigenous-chicago\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Archive map<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a point-based map showing more than five centuries of Indigenous history in Chicago.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous knowledge, curiosity, and priorities have shaped these digital resources from the start. All digital resources linked below were created by the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous Chicago<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/about\/\"> project team<\/a> with guidance from the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous Chicago <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/about\/\">Mapping Committee<\/a> unless otherwise noted. <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>To open any of the maps below in a new, interactive page, simply click the expand arrows in the upper right hand corner of the map<\/strong>. To see a full list of digital resources and learn more about each map and how to use it, please visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/how-to-use-the-maps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cHow to Use the Digital Maps\u201d<\/a> page. For more information about the communities mentioned below and the names we have chosen to use across the project, please visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/a-guide-to-indigenous-people-who-call-chicago-home\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u201cGuide to Indigenous People Who Call Chicago Home\u201d<\/a> page.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-886b5af elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"886b5af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"chicago-native-place\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5b4597 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f5b4597\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Chicago Has Always Been a Native Place<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-574d1ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"574d1ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"711\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/StoryMap_Graphic_Sekulich.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-1536x1536 size-1536x1536 wp-image-635\" alt=\"An illustrated interpretation of the\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/StoryMap_Graphic_Sekulich.jpeg 1280w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/StoryMap_Graphic_Sekulich-300x167.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/StoryMap_Graphic_Sekulich-1024x569.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/StoryMap_Graphic_Sekulich-768x427.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">An artistic rendering of Chicago\u2019s landscape and waterways by Megan Sekulich (Miami Tribe of Oklahoma)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd21129 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd21129\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chicago is, and has always been, an Indigenous place. Dozens of Indigenous communities have long lived on this land, traveled through the many waterways, and gathered at this important place that connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River watershed through the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/map.indigenous-chicago.org\/pr\/indigenous-chicago\/c\/87976b5d-0839-41ff-af23-1bd71fd4683e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chicago portage<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the image above, Myaamia artist Megan Sekulich uses shapes reflecting Great Lakes embroidery style and beadwork to highlight the importance of waterways and the many Native plants and animals that have long been significant to people Native people in this area. You can read Megan\u2019s full description for the piece, along with a list of the plants and animals, <a href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/map-by-megan-sekulich\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on our blog<\/a>. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc6f1f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fc6f1f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/storymap\/a-guide-to-indigenous-people-who-call-chicago-home\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/mind-map-8.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2806\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/mind-map-8.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/mind-map-8-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/mind-map-8-768x576.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">For a full explanation of the names we use for each community throughout the project, please visit our \u201cGuide to Indigenous People Who Call Chicago Home\u201d page<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45d9ccf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45d9ccf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As homelands of the Neshnab\u00e9 (Potawatomi, Odawa, Ojibwe), Illinois Confederation (Peoria, Kaskaskia, and others), Myaamia, Wea, Sauk, Meskwaki, Kickapoo, Mascouten, Ho-Chunk, and Menominee peoples, this area has been a crossroads for Indigenous nations for thousands of years. It continues to be home to a diverse and flourishing urban Native community.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c53044 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"0c53044\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"100%\" height=\"488\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"Felt Map\" src=\"https:\/\/felt.com\/embed\/map\/Native-Place-Names-Map-WAU3k7uLQgeOK8hTMDP7IB?loc=43.556%2C-86.794%2C6.66z&legend=0&cooperativeGestures=1&link=1&geolocation=0&zoomControls=1&scaleBar=1\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d64f6d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d64f6d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/felt.com\/map\/Native-Place-Names-Map-WAU3k7uLQgeOK8hTMDP7IB?loc=43.336,-86.604,7.03z&amp;share=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Indigenous Chicago <\/em>Native Place Names Map<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b7dc10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5b7dc10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous connections to the land now known as Chicago pre-date European contact, and the many names for this place and others in the central Great Lakes attest to the long-standing and ongoing connections that Native communities have to these lands. Some of these languages, such as Bod\u00e9wadmimwen, Ojibwemowin, and Nishnaabemwin (the languages of the Potawatomi, Ojibwe, and Odawa people, respectively) are similar and share many similarities. Others, like Hooc\u0105k (the language of the Ho-Chunk people) are part of an entirely different language family. This diversity reflects the rich history of the many tribal nations who have called Chicago home across time.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You may also hear people say that Chicago is named after \u201cthe Algonquian name\u201d for wild onion or a similar allium, but this is a misnomer. Though many of the place names for Chicago do reference wild onions, or \u201cramps,\u201d there is no single Algonquian word for such a plant, because \u201cAlgonquian\u201d refers to a large group of languages, including those of the Illinois Confederation, Neshnab\u00e9k, Myaamiaki, Sauk, Meskwaki, and Menominee, among others. In other words, there are many Algonquian words for the place now called Chicago.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9aed3a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"9aed3a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe width=\"100%\" height=\"488\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"Felt Map\" src=\"https:\/\/felt.com\/embed\/map\/Chicagoland-Village-Site-Map-MlC9A1aS5T9AKwafrD8Eq7DB?loc=42.177%2C-88.88%2C7.64z&legend=0&cooperativeGestures=1&link=1&geolocation=0&zoomControls=1&scaleBar=1\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\"><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cf759b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cf759b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/felt.com\/map\/Chicagoland-Village-Site-Map-MlC9A1aS5T9AKwafrD8Eq7DB?loc=41.789,-89.048,8.01z&amp;share=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Indigenous Chicago<\/em> Village Site Map<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76f2d2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76f2d2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prior to the arrival of Europeans, Chicago was home to many Indigenous nations. Some lived in Chicago permanently while others traveled to the area seasonally to participate in seasonal rounds, annual patterns of coming to a particular place at a particular time. These more temporary sites are labeled as \u201ccamps\u201d on the map. Indigenous people developed these cycles based on the growth cycles of plants and migrations of animals, and moving this way also allowed for communities to regularly renew their connections to each other.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The presence of so-called \u201cchipping sites\u201d near many villages attests to the type of seasonal labor that likely took place in these sites. Stone used to create tools and weapons does not disintegrate quickly, making it apparent in archaeological excavations, but these sites were also likely used for activities like processing wild rice, weaving baskets, and maple sugaring. Therefore, we have renamed them as \u201cCommunity Work Sites.\u201d<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The established kinship networks and protocols these nations held with each other included guidelines for diplomacy and sharing space, and as such, many of the villages in the Chicago area were international &#8211; meaning they included people from several different Indigenous nations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-179be0c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"179be0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7fd2da e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7fd2da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236dde0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"236dde0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/collections.carli.illinois.edu\/digital\/collection\/nby_eeayer\/id\/5457\/rec\/2\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1094\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nby_eeayer_5457_full-1-768x1094.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-637\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nby_eeayer_5457_full-1-768x1094.jpg 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nby_eeayer_5457_full-1-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nby_eeayer_5457_full-1-719x1024.jpg 719w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nby_eeayer_5457_full-1-1078x1536.jpg 1078w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nby_eeayer_5457_full-1-1438x2048.jpg 1438w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nby_eeayer_5457_full-1-scaled.jpg 1797w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Carlos Montezuma, Carlos Montezuma Papers, Edward E. Ayer Modern Manuscript Collection, Newberry Library<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8cd1a3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b8cd1a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92d67e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"92d67e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Native people were forcibly removed from Chicago in the 1830s, but many returned or found ways to remain. For example, Neshnab\u00e9 gigdownene (representative) <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/map.indigenous-chicago.org\/pr\/indigenous-chicago\/c\/12396165-bc1e-4edf-9198-b8588839bc9f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chechepinquay<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Alexander Robinson) returned to Chicago shortly after his community was removed, and lived the remainder of his life on land that had been reserved for him in the 1829 Treaty of Prairie du Chien. Other Native people traveled to Chicago temporarily for various reasons, such as to participate in the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/map.indigenous-chicago.org\/pr\/indigenous-chicago\/li\/9f8d3cee-f80d-4140-9d60-f14c986fb09d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1893 and 1933 Worlds Fairs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Carlos Montezuma (Yavapai Apache), shown here, was a practicing physician in Chicago and began publishing a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/collections.newberry.org\/asset-management\/2KXJ8ZSQGHBQS?&amp;WS=SearchResults\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">monthly newsletter<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> here in 1916.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df07969 e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"df07969\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b520961 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b520961\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93b1d3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93b1d3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Later in the twentieth century, the Bureau of Indian Affairs ran a voluntary relocation program that encouraged Native people to leave their communities and relocate to urban centers like Chicago. The program was part of larger efforts to assimilate Native people by separating them from their communities and culture, but it failed. Instead, Native people who relocated to Chicago (many of whom lived in the <a href=\"https:\/\/map.indigenous-chicago.org\/pr\/indigenous-chicago\/li\/ba57f257-c6ce-43b9-8809-6946337e14e2\">Uptown neighborhood<\/a>) created new, intertribal community spaces built on mutual aid.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e840dbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e840dbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/collections.carli.illinois.edu\/digital\/collection\/nby_eeayer\/id\/57306\/rec\/16\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"994\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nby_eeayer_57306_full-1-768x994.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-638\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nby_eeayer_57306_full-1-768x994.jpg 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nby_eeayer_57306_full-1-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nby_eeayer_57306_full-1-791x1024.jpg 791w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nby_eeayer_57306_full-1-1187x1536.jpg 1187w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nby_eeayer_57306_full-1-1583x2048.jpg 1583w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/nby_eeayer_57306_full-1-scaled.jpg 1978w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">\u201cHardys and Gonzalez in Waukegan\u201d Bureau of Indian Affairs Relocation Records, Edward E. Ayer Modern Manuscript Collection, Newberry Library<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4725520 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4725520\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3683a63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"3683a63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/DZl-vNaLVEE&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d01bd0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d01bd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Today, Chicago is home to a diverse Native community representing hundreds of different tribal nations. The culture of mutual aid and the creation of intertribal spaces continues through many Native organizations, many of whom are part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/map.indigenous-chicago.org\/pr\/indigenous-chicago\/li\/bbd4a4ea-ec00-42bf-8dfa-3e30b2679fad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chicago American Indian Community Collaborative (CAICC)<\/a>. In this video created for the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous Chicago <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">exhibition by Casey Brown (Ho-Chunk) and Julia Pello, Native community members discuss what Chicago means to them today. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-091e4f1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"091e4f1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f140922 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f140922\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Story Map Sections<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68d42b6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"68d42b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b53c486 elementor-cta--layout-image-left elementor-cta--mobile-layout-image-above elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"b53c486\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Section-from-The-Jesuit-Relations-e1724969896790.png);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Section from The Jesuit Relations\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEarly Contact and Travel Through Chicago\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/index.php\/early-contact-and-travel-through-chicago\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee1089a elementor-cta--layout-image-right elementor-cta--mobile-layout-image-above elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"ee1089a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/9911519380305867_JME_vol_00002_no_000077_00001-1024x673.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"A postcard rendering of Fort Dearborn created for the 1893 World\u2019s Fair. John I. Monroe Collection of Exposition Postcards, Newberry Library\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tIncreased Settlement and the Transformation of the Great Lakes\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/index.php\/increased-settlement-and-the-transformation-of-the-great-lakes\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd4fc3a elementor-cta--layout-image-left elementor-cta--valign-middle elementor-cta--mobile-layout-image-above elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"bd4fc3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/commonwealth_0r96fm830_access_full-Large-e1725662451978-1024x747.jpeg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u201cA map of Chicago : incorporated as a town August 5, 1833.\u201d Norman B. Leventhal Map &amp; Education Center Collection Digital Collections, Boston Public Library\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRemoval and Erasure\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/index.php\/removal-and-erasure\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-209085d elementor-cta--layout-image-right elementor-cta--valign-middle elementor-cta--mobile-layout-image-above elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"209085d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/John-G.-Strack-Charles-Strack-George-J.-Strack-1024x604.png);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Kiihkantanka, or Charles Strack (Myaamia) with his sons George and John, starring as extras in a movie or short that was filmed in Chicago. Image via aacimwahkionkonci, Stories from the Land, by the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tReturning and Remaining\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/index.php\/returning-and-remaining\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ee6a97 elementor-cta--layout-image-left elementor-cta--mobile-layout-image-above elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"0ee6a97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/CAICC-NAS-2024.jpg);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Native community members participate in the Native American Summit at the Illinois state capitol in 2024. Photo via Chicago American Indian Community Collaborative\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tIndigenous Chicago Present and Future\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/index.php\/indigenous-chicago-present-and-future\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-149c6d1 elementor-cta--layout-image-right elementor-cta--mobile-layout-image-above elementor-cta--skin-classic elementor-animated-content elementor-bg-transform elementor-bg-transform-zoom-in elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"149c6d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Screenshot-2024-09-10-at-1.40.30\u202fPM-e1726860664233-1024x753.png);\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Native Place Names Map\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHow to Use the Maps\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-\" href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/index.php\/how-to-use-the-maps\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRead More\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18d37d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18d37d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9cfe1d elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"b9cfe1d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 id=\"elementor-tab-title-1941\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1941\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Sources and Citations<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1941\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1941\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bowes, John P. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Land Too Good for Indians: Northern Indian Removal. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Norman: University of Oklahoma <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Press, 2016).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keating, Ann Durkin. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rising Up From Indian Country: The Battle of Fort Dearborn and the Birth of Chicago. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kimmerer, Robin Wall. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plants. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Minneapolis: Milkweed Editions, 2015).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LaGrand, James B. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Metropolis: Native Americans in Chicago, 1945-75. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Champaign: University of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Illinois Press, 2005).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LaPier, Rosalyn R. and David R.M. Beck, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">City Indian: Native American Activism in Chicago, 1893-1934. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2015).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Low, John. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imprints: The Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians and the City of Chicago. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Lansing, MI:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Michigan State University Press, 2016).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Miller, Douglas. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indians on the Move: Native American Mobility and Urbanization in the Twentieth Century.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nelson, John William. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Muddy Ground: Native Peoples, Chicago\u2019s Portage, and the Transformation of a\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Continent. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2023).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O\u2019Brien, Jean M. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Firsting and Lasting: Writing Indians Out of Existence in New England. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Minneapolis: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">University of Minnesota Press, 2010).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sleeper-Smith, Susan. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Women and French Men: Rethinking Cultural Encounter in the Western Great <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lakes. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tanner, Helen Hornbeck. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2nd edition.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Norman: University of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oklahoma Press, 1987).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Witgen, Michael. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An Infinity of Nations: How the Native New World Shaped Early North America. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013). <\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-852e0aa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"852e0aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daa11c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"daa11c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On this page, you will find more than a dozen new maps and graphics that re-interpret Chicago\u2019s history from Native perspectives.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2183,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-521","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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