{"id":1909,"date":"2024-09-10T19:51:58","date_gmt":"2024-09-10T19:51:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/?page_id=1909"},"modified":"2024-09-17T20:43:08","modified_gmt":"2024-09-17T20:43:08","slug":"question-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/premodule\/question-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Question 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1909\" class=\"elementor elementor-1909\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec1fd1e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec1fd1e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6ef76b elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"e6ef76b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/\">Home<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6095f4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a6095f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-426343c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"426343c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Premodule Supporting Question 1:<br><br>What do the words we use for places reveal about our relationships with them?\n\n\n<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b28120a elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"b28120a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Learning Objectives<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1871\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1871\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By the end of this exercise, I can\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">describe how <\/span><b>linguistic <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">information can tell us about people\u2019s connections to place<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Topical\/Time Period Focus<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1872\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1872\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This exercise directly relates to:<\/span><\/i><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How different European colonies developed and expanded (1800-1830s)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interactions between American Indians and Europeans (1800-1830s)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The War of 1812<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This exercise could also be paired with teaching about:\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Northwest Ordinance. Connect to events leading up to the Battle of Fort Dearborn.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The election of Thomas Jefferson in 1800. Connect to events leading up to the Battle of Fort Dearborn.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Louisiana Purchase. Connect to events leading up to the Battle of Fort Dearborn.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Election of William Henry Harrison and \u201clog cabin campaign.\u201d Connect to the aftermath of the Battle of Fort Dearborn.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manifest Destiny. Connect to the Black Hawk War.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The settlement of the West. Connect to the Black Hawk War<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Battle of Little Bighorn. Connect to other examples of armed resistance like the Battle of Fort Dearborn and the Black Hawk War.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nez Perce War. Connect to other examples of armed resistance like the Battle of Fort Dearborn and the Black Hawk War.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wounded Knee Massacre. Connect to the Black Hawk War, particularly the Bad Axe Massacre.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Illinois Learning Standards<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1873\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1873\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inquiry<\/span><\/i><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SS.9-12.IS.4 Determine the kinds of sources that will be helpful in answering compelling and supporting questions, taking into consideration multiple points of view represented in the sources, the types of sources available, and the potential uses of the sources. <\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Vocabulary<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1874\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1874\"><table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Vocabulary&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><strong>Pronunciation&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span><b>Definition<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span>linguistic (adj.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>lihng\u00b7<\/span><b>gwih<\/b><span>\u00b7stihk<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>relating to languages&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span>revitalize (v.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>ree\u00b7<\/span><b>vai<\/b><span>\u00b7tuh\u00b7lize<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>to bring energy or life back into<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><i><span>Note: many Native language revitalizers talk about \u201cwaking up\u201d the language, rather than bringing it back to life!<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span>seasonal rounds (n.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><b>see<\/b><span>\u00b7zuh\u00b7nuhl <\/span><b>rowndz<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>annual patterns of coming together and moving away based on the growth cycles of plants and seasonal migrations of animals<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span>trade (v.\/n.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><b>trayd<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>buying, selling, or exchanging items&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span>diplomacy (n.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>duh\u00b7<\/span><b>plow<\/b><span>\u00b7muh\u00b7see<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>interactions to build strong relationships between separate governments<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span>settlers v. Indigenous people (n.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><b>seh<\/b><span>\u00b7tuh\u00b7lrz \/\/ ihn\u00b7<\/span><b>di<\/b><span>\u00b7juh\u00b7nuhs <\/span><b>pee<\/b><span>\u00b7pl<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>Indigenous peoples\u2019 origin stories connect them to a place since before human memory; settlers arrive in a place to set up their own societies (even though other people already live there)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><i><span>Note that Native and Indigenous mean similar things. You will see them used to mean the same thing in this exercise.&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span>abundantly (adv.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>uh\u00b7<\/span><b>buhn<\/b><span>\u00b7duhnt\u00b7lee<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>in large quantities; also, healthily or plentifully&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span>Indigenous science (n.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>ihn\u00b7<\/span><b>di<\/b><span>\u00b7juh\u00b7nuhs <\/span><b>sai<\/b><span>\u00b7uhns<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>knowledge developed through generations of land-based observations by Indigenous people about one area&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span>ramps (n.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>ramps<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>a type of wild onion that grows in eastern North America<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span>colonialism (n.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>kuh\u00b7<\/span><b>low<\/b><span>\u00b7nee\u00b7uh\u00b7li\u00b7zm<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>when one group of people invades another group of people, steals their natural resources, and controls their politics, social life, and economics<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span>steward (v.)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><b>stoo<\/b><span>\u00b7urd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span>thoughtfully take care of a place or item&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Background<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1875\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1875\"><h4><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An Established Native Place<\/span><\/i><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous knowledge, early maps and journals of non-Native explorers, and anthropological evidence tell us that what we now call Chicago has been home to Native people since time immemorial. At least a dozen Native nations consider Chicago to be part of their ancestral homelands: the Neshnab\u00e9k, a confederation of Potawatomi, Ojibwe and Odawa people; the Illinois Confederation, a confederation of Peoria and Kaskaskia people, among other smaller nations; the Myaamia and Wea people; the Ho-Chunk people; the Sauk and Meskwaki people; the Kickapoo and Mascouten people; and the Menominee people.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before the city as we know it existed, these Indigenous nations who lived and had long standing relationships with this place knew it as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiwkwebthegen.com\/dictionary-word\/zhegagoynak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zhegagoynak<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Gaa-zhigaagwanzhikaag, Zhgaagoong, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mc.miamioh.edu\/ilda-myaamia\/dictionary\/entries\/3728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0160ikaakonki<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Shek\u00e2k\u00f4heki, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.menominee.edu\/tmcs\/the-menominee-clans-story\/place-names-pronunciation-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sek\u0101koh<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.hochunk.org\/#\/L\/g%C5%B3%C5%B3%C5%A1ge%20hon%C4%85k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G\u0173\u0173\u0161ge hon\u0105k<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, among other names. Mispronunciations and misspellings of these words as\u00a0 \u201cChecagou&#8221; or \u201cChicagua&#8221; appear often in early colonial maps. Indigenous languages reflect unique cultures and worldviews, and these Indigenous words for Chicago reveal important details about Native peoples\u2019 relationships with and understanding of this place. It is a sign of respect to prioritize these words over French misunderstandings like Checagou or Chicagua.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You might hear people say that Chicago is named after \u201cthe Algonquin name\u201d for wild onion or a similar allium. This isn\u2019t quite right: while several of the words above do translate to \u201cplace of wild onions\u201d or something similar, there is no single Algonquin word for such a plant, because \u201cAlgonquin\u201d refers to a large group of languages, including those of the Illinois Confederation, Neshnab\u00e9k, Myaamiaki, Sauk, Meskwaki, and Menominee, among others. In other words, there are many Algonquin words for the place we now call Chicago.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As Indigenous names for Chicago show us, many wild onions, or ramps, grew in Chicago for generations. These plants served as an important form of sustenance for the Native peoples of this region. Ramps are hard to grow and easy to overharvest. That ramps grew here in abundance for generations tells us that Native people were carefully <\/span><b>stewarding <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the land and the plant population.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Chicago landscape made it a welcoming area for people, plants, animals, birds, and insects to live. The marshes and oak savannas had lots of animals, birds, fish, and plants to eat. It\u2019s also a unique ecosystem, since it provides a transition between the Great Plains and the forests around the Great Lakes. The landscape also made transportation convenient. The waterways and <\/span><b>portages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> connect Lake Michigan and the other Great Lakes to the Illinois River, the Mississippi River, and eventually the Gulf of Mexico. Chicago\u2019s location and its abundant food sources have made it a desirable place to live, trade, and gather. Indigenous people had long treated Chicago as a crossroads where many Native people from different cultural and political backgrounds came together (for more on this, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Convergence module!<\/a>).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chicago was also important as an intersection of several waterways, and its rich landscape drew many Indigenous peoples to the area. Each Native nation had (and has!) its own language, government system, set of spiritual or religious teachings, and systems for food production, land management, transportation, architecture, and many more. Native people throughout the Great Lakes also had established kinship networks and protocols for <\/span><b>relationality<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which included relationships for family, <\/span><b>trade<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>diplomacy, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ceremony,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and mutual protection with other nations. It is a <\/span><b>myth<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that Indigenous people lacked boundaries before <\/span><b>colonialism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Indigenous people had long-standing ways of recognizing territorial boundaries between Native nations for governing, hunting, farming, and other needs. The agreements that outlined how Native nations shared or divided space were not one-time papers like the treaties that would come later. Instead, these agreements were rules and protocols for <\/span><b>relationships <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that needed to be renewed on a regular basis. This helped to make sure that the agreements still met everyone\u2019s needs and that everyone knew what they were agreeing to. For Indigenous people before colonization, making agreements with other tribes was a way of ensuring sustainable, healthy, peaceful coexistence through relationships and respect.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These negotiations for shared place made it possible for some<\/span><b> Indigenous people<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to live in Chicago full time, while others passed through Chicago as part of <\/span><b>seasonal rounds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These <\/span><b>rounds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> were annual patterns of coming to a particular place at a particular time. <\/span><b>Indigenous people<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> developed these cycles based on the growth cycles of plants and migrations of animals. Many <\/span><b>Indigenous people<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> lived this way before colonization because it was a sustainable way of life. These seasons followed a predictable pattern for planting, hunting, fishing, and harvesting. Moving this way allowed for communities to regularly renew their connections to each other. In Chicago, some examples of seasonal activities include (among others):\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spring: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collecting sap from maple trees to make sugar and syrup, harvesting spring plants like ramps (similar to a green onion) which grow along streams, planting vegetable gardens<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Summer:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Fishing for sturgeon, whitefish, trout, walleye, and other fish in the lakes and rivers, tending to vegetables like corn, beans, and squash<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fall: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hunting migrating birds like ducks and geese, harvesting wild rice in marshes and small lakes, harvesting remaining vegetables grown over the summer\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Winter:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Hunting muskrats, otters, and beavers in marshes, deer in forested areas, and bison on the prairie<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sources<\/span><\/i><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Augustine, Stephen J. \u201cOral Traditions.\u201d Indigenous Foundations, indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca.\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bauer, William. \u201cOral History,\u201d in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sources and Methods in Indigenous Studies, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ed. Chris Andersen and Jean M. O\u2019Brien (New York: Routledge, 2017).\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mahuika, Nepia. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ReThinking Oral History and Tradition: An Indigenous Perspective. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019).\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nelson, John William. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Muddy Ground: Native Peoples, Chicago\u2019s Portage, and the Transformation of a Continent. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2023).\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tanner, Helen Hornbeck. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2nd edition.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987).\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Steps<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1876\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1876\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1541\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"175\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-1024x774.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-768x580.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background.png 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 175px) 100vw, 175px\" \/><strong>Note to teachers<\/strong>: We invite you to use the components of the Indigenous Chicago curriculum that best align with the needs of your classroom. The following suggested steps can be modified as needed, and we invite you to use the teacher\u2019s history brief to inspire new exercises that best meet the needs of your students. Please note that we suggest shortening, rather than modifying, the language of historical sources to best reflect the original source\u2019s context, intention, and voice.&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><b><br><\/b><\/p><p><b>1. Linguistic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> information (information from languages) can help us understand Indigenous relationships with specific places. Even though the United States government had many policies and practices to get rid of Indigenous languages, Native people have worked hard to keep and <\/span><b>revitalize <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">their languages. Indigenous languages persist today. The words in these languages can tell us a lot about the histories of Indigenous relationships to place. Review the information in the Background section above. How many different Native languages are represented in the Chicago area?&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. Let\u2019s build our comfort with the names people use for themselves and for the Chicago area. Practice saying the names of the Native nations and their words for Chicago out loud. Using the words people use for themselves is a sign of respect; the words people prefer might change over time!<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Indigenous peoples \/\/ pronunciation<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Indigenous name for Chicago \/\/ pronunciation (links go to tribal dictionaries, and some have audio you can listen to!)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Potawatomi \/\/ pah\u00b7tuh\u00b7<\/span><b>wah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7tuh\u00b7mee<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[also, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bod\u00e9wadmi \/\/ <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiwkwebthegen.com\/dictionary-word\/bod%C3%A9wadmi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">boh<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7deh\u00b7<\/span><b>wahd<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7mee<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zhegagoynak \/\/ <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiwkwebthegen.com\/dictionary-word\/zhegagoynak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zheh\u00b7gah\u00b7<\/span><b>go<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7ee\u00b7nahk<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ojibwe \/\/ <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ojibwe.lib.umn.edu\/main-entry\/ojibwe-na\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">oh\u00b7<\/span><b>jihb<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7way<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gaa-zhigaagwanzhikaag \/\/ gah\u00b7zhih\u00b7<\/span><b>gah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7gwahn\u00b7zhih\u00b7kahg<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[listen to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ojibwe.lib.umn.edu\/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&amp;q=Zhigaagong&amp;commit=Search&amp;type=ojibwe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zhigaag<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ojibwe.lib.umn.edu\/main-entry\/zhigaagawanzh-na\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zhgaagwansh<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which are similar]<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odawa \/\/ <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.nishnaabemwin.atlas-ling.ca\/#\/results\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">oh\u00b7<\/span><b>dah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7wuh<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zhgaagoong \/\/ <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.nishnaabemwin.atlas-ling.ca\/#\/results\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">zhih\u00b7<\/span><b>gah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7goh\u00b7ng<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Myaamia \/\/ <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mc.miamioh.edu\/ilda-myaamia\/dictionary\/entries\/4258\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mee\u00b7<\/span><b>ah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7mee\u00b7uh<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0160ikaakonki \/\/ <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mc.miamioh.edu\/ilda-myaamia\/dictionary\/entries\/3728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">shih\u00b7kah\u00b7<\/span><b>kohn<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7gee<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ho-Chunk \/\/ <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.hochunk.org\/#\/E\/ho-chunk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>hoh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7chunk<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G\u0173\u0173\u0161ge Hon\u0105k \/\/ <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.hochunk.org\/#\/L\/g%C5%B3%C5%B3%C5%A1ge%20hon%C4%85k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">goosh\u00b7<\/span><b>geh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7hoh\u00b7nak<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Menominee \/\/ meh\u00b7<\/span><b>nah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7mih\u00b7nee<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sek\u0101koh \/\/ <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.menominee.edu\/tmcs\/the-menominee-clans-story\/place-names-pronunciation-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">seh\u00b7<\/span><b>kah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7koh<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sauk \/\/ sahk<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shek\u00e2k\u00f4heki \/\/ <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sacandfoxnation-nsn.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Copy-of-A-Concise-Dictionary-Sauk.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sheh\u00b7<\/span><b>kah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7koh\u00b7eh\u00b7kee<\/span><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What trends do you notice across the names?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What differences do you notice?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What do you <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">infer<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> about the relationships between these nations? (Hint! Think about the relationships between languages like French, Spanish, and Portuguese.)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. People do not name places that are insignificant to them. So much information about places is stored within languages, including about why places are important to us. That Native nations have so many names for Chicago tells us that those nations had relationships with this place, whether it was year-round, through <\/span><b>seasonal rounds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, or as needed for <\/span><b>trade<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>diplomacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, or another reason. Look at the following translations of <\/span><b>Indigenous <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">names for Chicago:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Indigenous name for Chicago<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>Rough translation to English<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zhegagoynak<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cplace of wild onions\u201d<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gaa-zhigaagwanzhikaag&nbsp;<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cplace abundant with wild leeks\u201d<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zhgaagoong<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">place where wild onions grew\u201d<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0160ikaakonki&nbsp;<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cskunk,\u201d \u201cgarlic,\u201d or \u201cwild ramps\u201d<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G\u0173\u0173\u0161ge Hon\u0105k&nbsp;<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cskunk run\u201d<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sek\u0101koh&nbsp;<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cplace of the skunks\u201d&nbsp;<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shek\u00e2k\u00f4heki<\/span><\/th>\n<th><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">closely related to the Sauk words for \u201conion\u201d and \u201cskunk\u201d<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<\/table><br>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What similarities do you see across the names?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What do these words show about the plant relatives that grew <\/span><b>abundantly<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the Chicago area prior to the construction of the city as it appears today?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do you imagine people interacted with them? What do these words tell you about what people wanted to know or remember about these lands?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<br><table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b><i><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1541\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"151\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-1024x774.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-768x580.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background.png 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>Note to teachers: <\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s important to emphasize that Indigenous peoples\u2019 names for these places developed through generations, if not millenia, of local connections. We <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">strongly discourage<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> exercises wherein students might create their own \u201cIndian names\u201d for places or for themselves. Even when well intentioned to stretch students\u2019 personal connections and creativity, such exercises can actually undermine the deep knowledge embedded within Indigenous languages. Instead, we encourage you to work with your students to understand the scientific, social, and historical information that words in Indigenous languages can tell us about specific places or events.&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4. These Indigenous names for Chicago reflect millenia of <\/span><b>Indigenous science<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for farming and raising crops. The names show us that many wild onions, or <\/span><b>ramps<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, grew in Chicago for generations before <\/span><b>colonialism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These plants were an important food for the Native peoples in this region. <\/span><b>Ramps<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are hard to grow and easy to overharvest. That <\/span><b>ramps<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> grew well here for generations tells us that Native people were carefully <\/span><b>stewarding <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the land and the plant population.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How might naming a place after the food that grows there be helpful for people?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What does this <\/span><b>linguistic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> information tell us about Indigenous relationships with these lands?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5. Myaamia artist Megan Sekulich created this image for the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/storymap\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous Chicago <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">story map<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Megan writes, \u201cThe organic shapes seen throughout the piece, weaving and flowing around the rivers, plants, and animals, reference floral patterns seen in Great Lakes embroidery style Native beadwork.\u201d She used the waterways of \u0161ikaakonki (Chicago) and northern Illinois as an outline, and she filled the space between each river with the plants and animals who call this place home, too. Many of these plants and animals are culturally significant to Myaamia people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Look at the Myaamia words for the plants and animals in the image. What do you notice about the specific plants and animals Megan shows here? What does this tell you about Myaamia relationships to and knowledges about this place?&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Animals you may recognize in the image include:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>myaamiataweenki<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>English<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cecaahkwa (che\u00b7<\/span><b>cha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7kwah)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sandhill crane<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mih\u0161ihkinaahkwa (mish\u00b7kin\u00b7<\/span><b>ah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7kwah)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">painted turtle<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">akaawa (uh\u00b7<\/span><b>kah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7wah)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">walleye<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anikwa (uh\u00b7<\/span><b>nik<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7wah)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">gray squirrel<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">waapanswa (wah\u00b7<\/span><b>pahn<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7swah)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rabbit<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">paapankamwa (<\/span><b>paw<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7pahn\u00b7gahm\u00b7wah)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fox<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">papaakantia (pah\u00b7paw\u00b7<\/span><b>kan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7dia)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sunfish\/bluegill<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">moohswa (<\/span><b>moos<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7wuh)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">white-tailed deer<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plants you may recognize include:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>myaamiataweenki<\/th>\n<th>English<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wiiph\u0161alwi (<\/span><b>weep<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7shawl\u00b7wih)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">elderberry<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">apahkwaya (ah\u00b7pah\u00b7<\/span><b>kwai<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7yuh)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cattail<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pyaakimini (pee\u00b7<\/span><b>yah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7kih\u00b7mih\u00b7nih)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">persimmon<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">miincipi (meen\u00b7<\/span><b>ji<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7pih)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">corn<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">oonsaalamoni (oon\u00b7zah\u00b7<\/span><b>lah<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7moh\u00b7nih)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bloodroot<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0161ikaakwa (shi\u00b7<\/span><b>kaa<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7kwuh)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wild spring onion<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1912 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/storymap-v4-lines-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/storymap-v4-lines-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/storymap-v4-lines-1-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/storymap-v4-lines-1-1024x569.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/storymap-v4-lines-1-768x427.jpg 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/storymap-v4-lines-1-1536x853.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/storymap-v4-lines-1-2048x1138.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>(Feel free to color in this image &#8211; the artist encourages it!)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6. Summing it up! As you finish this exercise, reflect on the information you learned from working with Native languages. Why do you think historians might turn to Native languages for information about places and people\u2019s histories with them?&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8525592 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8525592\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6072857 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6072857\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a3db14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a3db14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Downloadable Documents<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2268dab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2268dab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Everything in this module will be available to download as Word documents. Coming soon!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What do the words we use for places reveal about our relationships with them?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1912,"parent":902,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1909","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Question 1 - Indigenous Chicago<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/premodule\/question-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Question 1 - 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