{"id":1898,"date":"2024-09-10T19:21:16","date_gmt":"2024-09-10T19:21:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/?page_id=1898"},"modified":"2024-09-17T20:44:20","modified_gmt":"2024-09-17T20:44:20","slug":"premodule-hook","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/premodule\/premodule-hook\/","title":{"rendered":"Premodule Hook"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1898\" class=\"elementor elementor-1898\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abf1335 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"abf1335\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e30757a elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"e30757a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/\">Home<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a27be4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9a27be4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e7e49c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2e7e49c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Premodule Hook<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30ccab0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"30ccab0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5111\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5111\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Essential Question<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5111\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5111\"><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do we know what we know<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> about Indigenous peoples\u2019 relationships with their lands and waters in the Chicago area?<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5112\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5112\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Learning Objectives<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5112\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5112\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By the end of this hook, I can\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">think about how history unfolds on different <\/span><b>time scales<\/b><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5113\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5113\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Illinois Learning Standards<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5113\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5113\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inquiry<\/span><\/i><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SS.9-12.IS.4 Determine the kinds of sources that will be helpful in answering compelling and supporting questions, taking into consideration multiple points of view represented in the sources, the types of sources available, and the potential uses of the sources.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geography<\/span><\/i><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SS.9-12.G.6. Analyze and explain how humans affect and interact with the environment and vice versa.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5114\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5114\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Vocabulary<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5114\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5114\"><table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Vocabulary<\/b>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Pronunciation<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Definition<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>anthropology (n.)<\/p><\/td><td><p>an\u00b7thruh\u00b7<b>paa<\/b>\u00b7luh\u00b7jee<\/p><\/td><td><p>the academic study of human cultures<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>archaeology (n.)<\/p><\/td><td><p>aar\u00b7kee\u00b7<b>aa<\/b>\u00b7luh\u00b7jee<\/p><\/td><td><p>the academic study of human history by looking at the evidence underground left by people in the past<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>civics (n.)<\/p><\/td><td><p><b>si<\/b>\u00b7viks<\/p><\/td><td><p>the rights and social responsibilities of people to each other within a society\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>colonialism (n.)<\/p><\/td><td><p>kuh\u00b7<b>low<\/b>\u00b7nee\u00b7uh\u00b7li\u00b7zm<\/p><\/td><td><p>when one group of people invades another group of people, steals their natural resources, and controls their politics, social life, and economics<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>creation or origin story<\/p><\/td><td><p>kree\u00b7<b>ay<\/b>\u00b7shn or <b>aw<\/b>\u00b7ruh\u00b7jn <b>stoh<\/b>\u00b7ree<\/p><\/td><td><p>a narrative about the origins of one group of people in a particular place<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>diplomacy (n.)<\/p><\/td><td><p>duh\u00b7<b>plow<\/b>\u00b7muh\u00b7see<\/p><\/td><td><p>interactions to build strong relationships between separate governments<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>ecologically (adv.)<\/p><\/td><td><p>ee\u00b7kuh\u00b7<b>laa<\/b>\u00b7juh\u00b7kuh\u00b7lee<\/p><\/td><td><p>about the living beings in a place, their relationships with one another, and their relationships to the place(s) where they are<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>geologically (adv.)<\/p><\/td><td><p>jee\u00b7uh\u00b7<b>laa<\/b>\u00b7ji\u00b7kuh\u00b7lee<\/p><\/td><td><p>about the physical structures that make up the Earth<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>homelands (n.)<\/p><\/td><td><p><b>hohm<\/b>\u00b7landz<\/p><\/td><td><p>the lands and waters of a particular people since time immemorial<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>myth (n.)<\/p><\/td><td><p><b>mith<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p>a commonly believed story that is not actually true<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>narrative (n.)<\/p><\/td><td><p><b>neh<\/b>\u00b7ruh\u00b7tiv<\/p><\/td><td><p>a story<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>oral tradition (n.)<\/p><\/td><td><p><b>aw<\/b>\u00b7ruhl truh\u00b7<b>di<\/b>\u00b7shn<\/p><\/td><td><p>stories that a community shares across generations<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>politically (adv.)<\/p><\/td><td><p>puh\u00b7<b>li<\/b>\u00b7tuh\u00b7kuh\u00b7lee<\/p><\/td><td><p>about the governing of a institution or society\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>portage (v.\/n.)<\/p><\/td><td><p><b>por<\/b>\u00b7tuhj<\/p><\/td><td><p>carrying a boat (usually a canoe) between two waterways; also, a place or route where you carry the boat<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>relationality (n.)<\/p><\/td><td><p>reh\u00b7<b>lay<\/b>\u00b7shuhn\u00b7al\u00b7it\u00b7ee<\/p><\/td><td><p>the connectedness between two or more people, living beings, groups, places, ideas, etc.; people who are in relationships have certain commitments to those they\u2019re in relationship with; <i>relationality<\/i> implies treating others with care<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>seasonal rounds (n.)<\/p><\/td><td><p><b>see<\/b>\u00b7zuh\u00b7nuhl <b>rowndz<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p>annual patterns of coming together and moving away based on the growth cycles of plants and seasonal migrations of animals<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>settlers v. Indigenous people (n.)<\/p><\/td><td><p><b>seh<\/b>\u00b7tuh\u00b7lrz \/\/ ihn\u00b7<b>di<\/b>\u00b7juh\u00b7nuhs <b>pee<\/b>\u00b7pl<\/p><\/td><td><p>Indigenous peoples\u2019 origin stories connect them to a place since before human memory; settlers arrive in a place to set up their own societies (even though other people already live there)<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><i>Note that Native and Indigenous mean similar things. You will see them used to mean the same thing in this exercise.\u00a0<\/i><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>socially (adv.)<\/p><\/td><td><p><b>sow<\/b>\u00b7shuh\u00b7lee<\/p><\/td><td><p>about how people live together<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>steward (v.)<\/p><\/td><td><p><b>stoo<\/b>\u00b7urd<\/p><\/td><td><p>thoughtfully take care of a place or item\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>time immemorial (adj.)<\/p><\/td><td><p><b>time <\/b>ih\u00b7meh\u00b7<b>moh<\/b>\u00b7ree\u00b7ehl<\/p><\/td><td><p>a time earlier than human memory, or the beginning of time<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>time span (n.)<\/p><\/td><td><p>time span<\/p><\/td><td><p>the period of time during which something takes place<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>trade (v.\/n.)<\/p><\/td><td><p><b>trayd<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p>buying, selling, or exchanging items\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5115\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5115\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Background<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5115\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5115\"><h4><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abandoning the Bering Strait Theory<\/span><\/i><\/h4><p><b>Indigenous<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> people have been here since <\/span><b>time immemorial<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; a phrase that means before human memory, or since the beginning of time. Each of the Native nations with a historical connection to Chicago has their own unique <\/span><b>creation or origin story<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that tells them how they came to be. These stories explain Native peoples\u2019 relationships to their homelands and describe relationships between people, as well as plant and animal relatives.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Native peoples\u2019 teachings testify to their origins here in North America \u2013 this is what it means to be <\/span><b>Indigenous<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. One way Indigenous peoples narrate their connections to lands and waters is through story. In Indigenous contexts, stories are not myths or legends \u2013 rather, they are complex teaching tools. In hearing the stories, listeners can pull out lessons that help them figure out how to live sustainably with each other and with lands and waters. Some Indigenous stories are <\/span><b>creation or origin stories.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> These stories<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and other <\/span><b>oral traditions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> contain information about ecology and ethnobotany, medicine, language, arts, history, and politics, among others. These stories often also teach us about <\/span><b>civics<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 how we should treat one another to build sustainable, balanced, interrelated societies. We can look to Indigenous stories as historical texts that teach us about Native nations\u2019 long-standing connections to the Chicago area.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Indigenous communities, you might hear the same story many times throughout your life. As a listener, your job is to listen carefully each time you hear the story because you will hear something new based on where you are in your life at the time. Indigenous storytellers know how to shape the story based on what the audience needs. They might tell more or less detailed versions of stories based on the audience. They might also leave out certain information (especially if information in the story is considered sacred) because not everyone has a right to all information all the time within Indigenous storytelling. This is because in Indigenous contexts, knowledge is shared with you when you\u2019re ready, when you need it, and\/or when you can use it to help the community be well.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Creation or origin stories <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">link Indigenous people to specific homelands, and they can also talk about journeys or migrations from one area to the next. <\/span><b>Homelands<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can be a broad term that includes lands and waters across a large area. It is also common for Indigenous people from different nations to have overlapping connections to specific places! And while a story might link to one location at one moment, the Indigenous people of that nation might have long-standing connections with the broader region through seasonal trading, hunting, and fishing routes, among others.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anthropological Eras<\/span><\/i><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You may have seen textbooks that use phrases like the Woodland Period, the Mississippian Culture, or Paleo Indians. Anthropologists and archaeologists invented these terms because they wanted to categorize large groups of Indigenous peoples over large periods of time. Contemporary Native nations do not use these terms to identify themselves or their ancestors.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most <\/span><b>anthropology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> draws a boundary between \u201cprehistory\u201d and \u201chistory\u201d at the invention of writing systems. Anthropologists made up this distinction to help organize their writing, but the distinction usually gets applied in a racist way that sees European writing as more advanced than the communication systems of other cultures. In North America, Native cultures have developed elaborate and sophisticated communication systems and technologies, including systems of writing, mapping, and memory-keeping. Early European and American anthropologists did not recognize the validity or complexity of Indigenous communication systems. This is because they were often looking for confirmation that Native people were \u201cless civilized\u201d or \u201cmore primitive\u201d than Europeans. Europeans used these <\/span><b>narratives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of \u201ccivilization\u201d to justify enslaving and dispossessing Native people. <\/span><b>Narratives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of Indigenous \u201cprimitivism\u201d also help people believe that Native people are part of the past, rather than part of the present and future.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These <\/span><b>narratives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> also undermine the importance of oral traditions for Indigenous people. Oral traditions cannot be written off as simple or silly tales. Rather, these are complex stories that have been carefully passed down through generations. Unlike European memory keeping systems, which prioritize writing things down to remember, Native memory keeping systems often prioritize careful and deep listening to be able to retell a story accurately over time. While <\/span><b>settler narratives <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">often<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cast doubt on the trustworthiness of oral traditions as sources, many Indigenous cultures around the world have documented traditions of keeping oral records that go back thousands of years.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">False <\/span><b>narratives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like these are hard to undo, but <\/span><b>archaeologists<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, anthropologists, historians, and other researchers are working hard to recognize Indigenous expertise. Keep an eye on how they\u2019re doing this in the sources in this module.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An Established Native Place<\/span><\/i><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before the city as we know it existed, the many Indigenous nations who lived and had long standing relationships with this place knew it as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wiwkwebthegen.com\/dictionary-word\/zhegagoynak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zhegagoynak<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Gaa-zhigaagwanzhikaag, Zhigaagong, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mc.miamioh.edu\/ilda-myaamia\/dictionary\/entries\/3728\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0160ikaakonki<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Shek\u00e2k\u00f4heki, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.menominee.edu\/tmcs\/the-menominee-clans-story\/place-names-pronunciation-guide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sek\u0101koh<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.hochunk.org\/#\/L\/g%C5%B3%C5%B3%C5%A1ge%20hon%C4%85k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">G\u0173\u0173\u0161ge hon\u0105k<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, among other names. Mispronunciations and misspellings of these words as\u00a0 \u201cChecagou&#8221; or \u201cChicagua&#8221; appear often in early colonial maps. Indigenous languages reflect unique cultures and worldviews, and these Indigenous words for Chicago reveal important details about Native peoples\u2019 relationships with and understanding of this place. It is a sign of respect to prioritize these words over French misunderstandings like Checagou or Chicagua.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You might hear people say that Chicago is named after \u201cthe Algonquian name\u201d for wild onion or a similar allium. This isn\u2019t quite right: while several of the words above do translate to \u201cplace of wild onions\u201d or something similar, there is no single Algonquian word for such a plant, because \u201cAlgonquian\u201d refers to a large group of languages, including those of the Illinois Confederation, Neshnab\u00e9k, Myaamiaki, Sauk, Meskwaki, and Menominee, among others. In other words, there are many Algonquian words for the place we now call Chicago.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As Indigenous names for Chicago show us, many wild onions, or ramps, grew in Chicago for generations. These plants served as an important form of sustenance for the Native peoples of this region. Ramps are hard to grow and easy to overharvest. That ramps grew here in abundance for generations tells us that Native people were carefully <\/span><b>stewarding <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the land and the plant population.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Chicago landscape made it a welcoming area for people, plants, animals, birds, and insects to live. The marshes and oak savannas had lots of animals, birds, fish, and plants to eat. It\u2019s also a unique ecosystem, since it provides a transition between the Great Plains and the forests around the Great Lakes. The landscape also made transportation convenient. The waterways and <\/span><b>portages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> connect Lake Michigan and the other Great Lakes to the Illinois River, the Mississippi River, and eventually the Gulf of Mexico. Chicago\u2019s location and its abundant food sources have made it a desirable place to live, trade, and gather. Indigenous people had long treated Chicago as a crossroads where many Native people from different cultural and political backgrounds came together (for more on this, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Convergence module!<\/a>).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chicago was also important as an intersection of several waterways, and its rich landscape drew many Indigenous peoples to the area. Each Native nation had (and has!) its own language, government system, set of spiritual or religious teachings, and systems for food production, land management, transportation, architecture, and many more. Native people throughout the Great Lakes also had established kinship networks and protocols for <\/span><b>relationality<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which included relationships for family, <\/span><b>trade<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>diplomacy, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ceremony,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and mutual protection with other nations. It is a <\/span><b>myth<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that Indigenous people lacked boundaries before <\/span><b>colonialism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Indigenous people had long-standing ways of recognizing territorial boundaries between Native nations for governing, hunting, farming, and other needs. The agreements that outlined how Native nations shared or divided space were not one-time papers like the treaties that would come later. Instead, these agreements were rules and protocols for <\/span><b>relationships <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that needed to be renewed on a regular basis. This helped to make sure that the agreements still met everyone\u2019s needs and that everyone knew what they were agreeing to. For Indigenous people before colonization, making agreements with other tribes was a way of ensuring sustainable, healthy, peaceful coexistence through relationships and respect.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These negotiations for shared place made it possible for some<\/span><b> Indigenous people<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to live in Chicago full time, while others passed through Chicago as part of <\/span><b>seasonal rounds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These <\/span><b>rounds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> were annual patterns of coming to a particular place at a particular time. <\/span><b>Indigenous people<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> developed these cycles based on the growth cycles of plants and migrations of animals. Many <\/span><b>Indigenous people<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> lived this way before colonization because it was a sustainable way of life. These seasons followed a predictable pattern for planting, hunting, fishing, and harvesting. Moving this way allowed for communities to regularly renew their connections to each other. In Chicago, some examples of seasonal activities include (among others):\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spring: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collecting sap from maple trees to make sugar and syrup, harvesting spring plants like ramps (similar to a green onion) which grow along streams, planting vegetable gardens<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Summer:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Fishing for sturgeon, whitefish, trout, walleye, and other fish in the lakes and rivers, tending to vegetables like corn, beans, and squash<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fall: <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hunting migrating birds like ducks and geese, harvesting wild rice in marshes and small lakes, harvesting remaining vegetables grown over the summer\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Winter:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Hunting muskrats, otters, and beavers in marshes, deer in forested areas, and bison on the prairie<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Historical Methods<\/span><\/i><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Historians use a variety of sources to analyze and interpret the past. We typically call these <\/span><b>primary<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>secondary sources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><b>Primary sources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> were created by someone who witnessed a specific historical event or time period first-hand. Secondary sources are interpretations and analyses of that event or period created by other historians. Using <\/span><b>primary<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>secondary<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sources, historians reconstruct historical events. They use these sources to understand social and historical contexts, and they develop their own <\/span><b>narratives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> about how things occurred in the past.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Different types of historians focus on different types of sources. For example, many historians focus on <\/span><b>archival<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> materials. These are usually written documents like journals, letters, and government documents. They can also include maps. Literary historians focus on published texts like books, novels, poetry, and other types of writing. Environmental historians (people who study the history of the land and\/or how humans have related to the land over time) additionally look at the land itself as a historical source. Those who study Native history also rely on the knowledge of Indigenous people, including <\/span><b>oral traditions <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that have been carried through generations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Native people are the best representatives of their own history, and it is important that they are involved in the telling of their stories. To understand how this works in practice, let\u2019s think about historians who study Native history in the pre-colonial and early colonial period. While all historians use critical thinking and skepticism to check their sources\u2019 reliability and bias, this is especially important for researchers who study early Native history. That is because many of the <\/span><b>archival <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sources from this period were authored by non-Native people. Scholars studying this period who want to know Native perspectives have to read \u201cbetween the lines\u201d to look for Native presence and actions. Working directly with Native people who carry knowledge of their ancestors is essential to this process.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to analyzing sources, historians also look at historical events within broader social, economic, and political contexts. It is especially important that historians working on Native history today think about the broader context of colonial violence. Understanding Native actions within these larger contexts helps uncover underlying causes and influences that shaped historical outcomes. It also can help current historians push back on previous inaccurate historical narratives.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Historical methods help historians create a coherent and accurate understanding of the past. As historians study Native history, it is essential they include sources that represent Native knowledge.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sources<\/span><\/i><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andersen, Chris and Jean M. O\u2019Brien, eds. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sources and Methods in Indigenous Studies. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(London: Routledge Press, 2017).\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Augustine, Stephen J. \u201cOral Traditions.\u201d Indigenous Foundations, indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca.\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bauer, William. \u201cOral History,\u201d in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sources and Methods in Indigenous Studies, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ed. Chris Andersen and Jean M. O\u2019Brien (New York: Routledge, 2017).\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mahuika, Nepia. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ReThinking Oral History and Tradition: An Indigenous Perspective. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019).\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nelson, John William. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Muddy Ground: Native Peoples, Chicago\u2019s Portage, and the Transformation of a Continent. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2023).\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tanner, Helen Hornbeck. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2nd edition.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987).\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-5116\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-5116\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Steps<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-5116\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-5116\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1541\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-1024x774.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-768x580.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background.png 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/><strong>Note to teachers<\/strong>: We invite you to use the components of the Indigenous Chicago curriculum that best align with the needs of your classroom. The following suggested steps can be modified as needed, and we invite you to use the teacher\u2019s history brief to inspire new exercises that best meet the needs of your students. Please note that we suggest shortening, rather than modifying, the language of historical sources to best reflect the original source\u2019s context, intention, and voice.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><\/i><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. Historians often get information about the past from written sources like diaries, journals, government documents, and many others. While written texts are very useful and an important part of how historians do what they do, historians also draw from many other types of materials. As we learn about humans\u2019 relationships with lands and waters, we can also use place names, material culture, and maps to fill out our picture of the past. Review the information in the Background section above about how historians do what they do, as compared to archaeologists and anthropologists. Note especially the work of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">environmental historians<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. What kinds of <\/span><b>sources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> do historians use?\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. According to western history, only humans have memories because only people are thought to have the kind of spirit and mental capacity necessary to hold memory. But many Indigenous histories talk about humans as the last to be created. Humans in these systems have the shortest memories. Examples from Indigenous languages can help us think about this difference. For Indigenous people, some concepts that in English are <\/span><b>inanimate <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are actually <\/span><b>animate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. For example, in Ojibwemowin, or the Ojibwe language, the word for rocks (asin, pronounced uh\u00b7<\/span><b>sihn<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) is actually <\/span><b>animate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. That means that for Ojibwe people, rocks are considered to have life, and therefore also their own perspectives, memories, and priorities. Similarly, in Ojibwe, the word for tree (mitig, pronounced mih\u00b7<\/span><b>tig<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) is also <\/span><b>animate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Think about the oldest trees you know. What memories do you imagine they hold?<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Think about the mountains you\u2019ve visited. What memories do you imagine they hold?<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Think about the bodies of water (rivers, lakes, oceans, etc.) you\u2019ve been to. What memories do you imagine they hold?\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. As you might imagine, history unfolds on much longer <\/span><b>time scales <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">than just those noticed by humans! Dr. Megan Bang is an Ojibwe and Italian researcher who grew up in Chicago and teaches at Northwestern University. She helped write a program called <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/learninginplaces.org\/frameworks\/socio-ecological-histories-of-places-framework\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Learning in Places<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. An exercise from <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Learning in Places <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">can help us think about Chicago across six time spans:\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the long memories of lands and waters (mountains, oceans, glaciers, etc.)<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the long memories of plants, lands, waters, and animals that go beyond human memory<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the millenia-long relationships of Indigenous peoples to this place<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the relatively short history of settlers in this place<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the relatively short histories of the contemporary city of Chicago and its relationships with other places around the world<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and the potential futures of the Chicago area.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Look back at the Background section. Use this adaptation of the Learning in Places <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/learninginplaces.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1.C-Histories-of-Places-Walk.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">socio-ecological histories<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> walk to think through the different people, lands, waters, and more-than-human relations who have shaped this place. You might have to do some extra research!\u00a0<\/span><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What do you know about the events and factors that have shaped Chicago for each of these <\/span><b>time scales<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">?<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What questions do you want to ask about the history of Chicago at each of these<\/span><b> time scales<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">?<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What human decisions or actions have shaped Chicago on each of these <\/span><b>time scales<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">?<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the long memories of lands and waters (mountains, oceans, glaciers, etc.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the long memories of plants, lands, waters, and animals that go beyond human memory<\/span><\/p><\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the millenia-long relationships of Indigenous peoples to this place<\/span><\/p><\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the relatively short histories of settlers in this place<\/span><\/p><\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the relatively short histories of the contemporary city of Chicago and its relationships with other places around the world<\/span><\/p><\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the potential futures of the Chicago area<\/span><\/p><\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><td>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4. With your chart filled in, discuss these questions with your classmates:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After this exercise, how would you describe Chicago as a place <\/span><b>geologically<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>ecologically<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>politically<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and\/or <\/span><b>socially<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">?<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are the relationships between humans and the lands, animals, plants, and waters of the Chicago area (now and in the past)?<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How might the different <\/span><b>time scales<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, particularly between <\/span><b>Indigenous<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> people and <\/span><b>settlers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or nation-states, impact their senses of their responsibilities, relationships, and connections with these lands and waters?<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5. Summing it up and looking ahead! Who and what has shaped this place? How do our shared histories in this place shape our shared presents and futures? Create a visualization that shows the different <\/span><b>time scales <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and how different living beings have experienced them.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61756fe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"61756fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-101b6d3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"101b6d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cf5d24 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7cf5d24\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b42c403 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b42c403\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Downloadable Documents<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f8da9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"84f8da9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Everything in this module will be available to download as Word documents. Coming soon!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How do we know what we know about Indigenous peoples\u2019 relationships with their lands and waters in the Chicago area?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1303,"parent":902,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1898","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Premodule Hook - Indigenous Chicago<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/premodule\/premodule-hook\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Premodule Hook - Indigenous Chicago\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How do we know what we know about Indigenous peoples\u2019 relationships with their lands and waters in the Chicago area?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/premodule\/premodule-hook\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Indigenous Chicago\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-17T20:44:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/NL000379_o2-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1849\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"16 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/premodule\\\/premodule-hook\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/premodule\\\/premodule-hook\\\/\",\"name\":\"Premodule Hook - Indigenous Chicago\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/premodule\\\/premodule-hook\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/premodule\\\/premodule-hook\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/NL000379_o2-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-10T19:21:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-09-17T20:44:20+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/premodule\\\/premodule-hook\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/premodule\\\/premodule-hook\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/premodule\\\/premodule-hook\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/NL000379_o2-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/NL000379_o2-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1849,\"caption\":\"\\\"Gathering Wild Rice\\\" by Seth Eastman, 1853. 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