{"id":1212,"date":"2024-09-04T18:05:15","date_gmt":"2024-09-04T18:05:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/?page_id=1212"},"modified":"2024-09-19T20:20:59","modified_gmt":"2024-09-19T20:20:59","slug":"question-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-2\/question-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Question 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1212\" class=\"elementor elementor-1212\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a62567 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7a62567\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69aee15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"69aee15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/\">Home<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab9ebb8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ab9ebb8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29eff1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"29eff1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Module 2 Supporting Question 1:<br><br> How did settler and Indigenous perspectives on land differ at the time of treaty-making?<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fd2537 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"3fd2537\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6691\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6691\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Learning Objectives<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6691\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6691\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By the end of this exercise, I can\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">describe Indigenous ways of relating to land<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">describe early European settler ways of relating to land<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">compare Indigenous and settler perspectives on land\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6692\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6692\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Topical\/Time Period Focus<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6692\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6692\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This exercise directly relates to:<\/span><\/i><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">European exploration in the New World (1673-1830s)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Land purchases from American Indian Nations (1795-1830s)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This exercise could also be paired with teaching about:\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manifest Destiny (1790s-1830s)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The settlement of the West (1790s-1830s)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6693\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6693\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Illinois Learning Standards<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6693\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6693\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geography<\/span><\/i><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SS.9-12.G.9.Explain how landscape, land and resource use, and means of interacting with land, animals, and plants each reflect cultural beliefs and identities.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">History<\/span><\/i><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SS.9-12.H.1. Evaluate the context of time and place as well as structural factors that influence historical developments.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SS.9-12.H.10. Identify and analyze ways in which marginalized communities are represented in historical sources and seek out sources created by historically oppressed peoples.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SS.9-12.H.11. Analyze primary and secondary historical sources from multiple vantage points and perspectives to identify and explain dominant narratives and counternarratives of historical events.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6694\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6694\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Vocabulary<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6694\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6694\"><table><tbody><tr><td><p><b>Vocabulary\u00a0<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Pronunciation<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>Definition<\/b><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">capitalism (n.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>ka<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7puh\u00b7tuh\u00b7li\u00b7zm<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">an economic system that uses supply and demand to set prices for goods and services; private individuals and businesses control how things are made and sold to maximize profit\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">settler capitalism <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">seizes and privatizes collectively held Indigenous lands to enforce a system of private property; in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">settler capitalism<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, settlers control the rules of owning, keeping, and selling property to ensure their own benefit\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">exploitation (n.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ek\u00b7sploy\u00b7<\/span><b>tay<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7shun<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">taking advantage of someone or something; a power dynamic where the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">exploiter<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> benefits and the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">exploited<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> does not\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inanimate (adj.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ih\u00b7<\/span><b>na<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7nuh\u00b7muht<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">not alive<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">inherent (adj.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ihn\u00b7<\/span><b>heh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7ruhnt<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">an essential characteristic that belongs to a person, living being, group, etc. on their own (not because of outside forces; just because it is there and theirs)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">interdependent (adj.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in\u00b7tr\u00b7di\u00b7<\/span><b>pen<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7dent<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">two or more people, living beings, groups, etc. being reliant upon one another<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kinship (n.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>kin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7shihp<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">family relationships; sharing a sense of connectedness<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">myth (n.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>mith<\/b><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a commonly believed story that is not actually true<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">navigation (n.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">na\u00b7vuh\u00b7<\/span><b>gay<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7shn<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">figuring out where you are and charting a route to where you want to go<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">portage (v.\/n.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>por<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7tuhj<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">carrying a boat (usually a canoe) between two waterways; also, a place or route where you carry the boat<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reciprocal (adj.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ruh\u00b7<\/span><b>si<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7pruh\u00b7kl<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a balance of giving in a relationship; giving may not look the same for each side, but there is a shared commitment to offering and receiving<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">relationships (n.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reh\u00b7<\/span><b>lay<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7shuhn\u00b7shihps<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a connection between two or more people, living beings, groups, places, ideas, etc.; people who are in relationships have certain commitments to those they\u2019re in relationship with\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">responsibility (n.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rih\u00b7spaan\u00b7suh\u00b7<\/span><b>bi<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7luh\u00b7tee<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a commitment or obligation to do something<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">settlers v. Indigenous people (n.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>seh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7tuh\u00b7lrz \/\/ ihn\u00b7<\/span><b>di<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7juh\u00b7nuhs <\/span><b>pee<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7pl<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous peoples\u2019 origin stories connect them to a place since before human memory; settlers arrive in a place to set up their own societies (even though other people already live there)<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Note that Native and Indigenous mean similar things. You will see them used to mean the same thing in this exercise.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">stereotype (n.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>steh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7ree\u00b7oh\u00b7type<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a commonly-used idea or image of a type of person that is oversimplified and\/or inaccurate\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">time immemorial (adj.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>time <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ih\u00b7meh\u00b7<\/span><b>moh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7ree\u00b7ehl<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a time earlier than human memory, or the beginning of time<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">treaties (n.)<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><b>tree<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7teez<\/span><\/p><\/td><td><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a formal, binding, and permanent agreement between two or more national governments\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6695\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6695\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Background<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6695\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6695\"><h4><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Land and Relationality<\/span><\/i><\/h4><p><b>Indigenous<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> creation or origin stories link Native peoples to their lands and waters. The stories provide deep context for each nation\u2019s origins. They teach about each nation\u2019s <\/span><b>relationships<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with and <\/span><b>responsibilities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to their lands and waters. They are an important source that tells us about a people\u2019s history since <\/span><b>time immemorial. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many <\/span><b>Indigenous <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">creation or origin stories recognize humans as dependent on lands, waters, plants, and animals for their survival. Rather than seeing humans as better than plants and animals, they see all living beings as <\/span><b>interdependent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This is why so many creation or origin stories show humans making mistakes and needing to learn from other living beings. The stories teach humans values around listening to, observing, and otherwise learning from the world around us.<\/span><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><b><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1541 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-1024x774.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-768x580.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background.png 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Breaking down myths! <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the movie <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pocahontas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the main character can speak to plants and animals. This is a <\/span><b>stereotype<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of Native people. Movies, TV shows, and other media often present Native people as very spiritual or in touch with the land.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traditional <\/span><b>Indigenous <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">laws do talk about the <\/span><b>interdependence <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of people, lands, waters, plants, and animals. These important lessons tell <\/span><b>Indigenous<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> people how to live, including understanding their responsibilities to the land. Many <\/span><b>Indigenous <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">people are looking to these lessons as a way to prepare for and respond to climate change.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>stereotype <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the \u201cecological Indian\u201d oversimplifies Indigenous morals, values, laws, and teachings. The <\/span><b>stereotype<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> comes from early scientific racism that said Native people were a primitive form of humans that had not yet become industrial. When people believe\u00a0 <\/span><b>stereotypes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, they can end up making fun of Indigenous people. They can also undermine <\/span><b>Indigenous <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rights to take care of the land. It\u2019s possible to hurt Native people through words and actions, even when people who believe the <\/span><b>stereotype<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> think they\u2019re \u201chonoring\u201d Native people.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Instead of the <\/span><b>stereotype<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, we can recognize that <\/span><b>Indigenous <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ways of listening to and learning from the land come from generations of land-based observation. We can examine the impact of <\/span><b>Indigenous science <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on local ecosystems. And we can see how <\/span><b>Indigenous science <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">has shaped <\/span><b>sustainable <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ways of living for thousands of years.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can learn more about this from Colville scholar Dina Gilio-Whitaker in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbssocal.org\/shows\/tending-the-wild\/the-problem-with-the-ecological-indian-stereotype\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">this essay<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><b>Indigenous<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> values for land include <\/span><b>reciprocal relationships<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Indigenous peoples\u2019 languages, religions or spiritual teachings, technologies, medicines, and foods come from their relationships with certain lands. This means that for <\/span><b>Indigenous <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">people, lands can\u2019t be exchanged. <\/span><b>Indigenous<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> peoples maintain deep relationships with their homelands, whether they live there now or not.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traditional <\/span><b>Indigenous<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> laws prioritize the health and well-being of humans, lands, waters, animals, and plants. Indigenous people have been caring for the land since <\/span><b>time immemorial<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. They see the value of the land as <\/span><b>inherent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: all life has value just for being alive. They also recognize that lands, waters, plants, and animals have their own rights, perspectives, and desires. This means that you can\u2019t really own water \u2013 just like you wouldn\u2019t own another person, water has its own rights. In contrast, settler laws value land based on the presence of resources that can meet human wants. Settler systems see the land as <\/span><b>inanimate<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which means it cannot have its own perspectives or desires. Also, while <\/span><b>settler<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> systems see land and water as separate, <\/span><b>Indigenous<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> systems see them as intertwined.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For <\/span><b>Indigenous <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">people, caring for the land does not mean leaving the land unchanged or untouched (this is a <\/span><b>myth<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Instead, <\/span><b>Indigenous<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> people have managed their lands through Indigenous sciences. Indigenous sciences are based on knowledge developed over generations about one area. <\/span><b>Indigenous <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">people have worked <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the land to create new technologies for housing, education, food production, defense, healthcare, and the arts. One example of this is using controlled burns to manage ecosystems and increase species diversity.Within <\/span><b>Indigenous <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">economies, changes to the land needed to promote collective long term health. This applied to the land and all the living beings that rely on it. Plants, animals, waters, and lands will continue to be healthy and take care of humans if humans take care of them. In contrast, for <\/span><b>settler<\/b> <b>capitalism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, changes to the land needed to create a financial benefit. This could mean increasing the production or consumption of goods for humans. This has unfortunately negatively impacted the health of the land. It has also interrupted Native peoples\u2019 ability to maintain their relationships with their lands and waters. We see this in the rerouting of the Chicago river and the draining of regional marshes to build the city.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Transformation of Chicago\u2019s Waterways\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/h4><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Chicago landscape made it a welcoming area for people, plants, animals, birds, and insects to live. The marshes and oak savannahs had lots of animals, birds, fish, and plants to eat. It\u2019s also a unique ecosystem, since it provides a transition between the Great Plains and the forests around the Great Lakes. The landscape also made transportation convenient. Indigenous people relied on rivers like highways because they were one of the fastest ways to get from one place to another. It was also much easier to pile goods into a canoe than to carry them on land. The waterways and <\/span><b>portages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> connect Lake Michigan and the other Great Lakes to the Illinois River, the Mississippi River, and eventually the Gulf of Mexico. Chicago\u2019s location and its abundant food sources have made it a desirable place to live, trade, and gather. For more on travel and people coming together around Chicago, see the Convergence module and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/felt.com\/map\/Routes-map-draft-ceTOXwNGQPGfy3gSoe8pAA?loc=43.478,-88.313,6z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">this map of Native travel routes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">!<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the first settlers that arrived here in the late 17th century, settlers thought about changing the Chicago waterways. They wanted it to be easier to remove natural resources to send back to Europe. They also wanted the land to be easier to travel using European-style boats so that they could travel faster to trade and spread Christianity. For example, early Jesuits wanted to build a canal between the Chicago and DesPlaines Rivers so that they could get to the Mississippi River more easily. They thought it would help them travel faster and reach more Indigenous communities. They were unsuccessful. Chicago was still a Native-controlled area, and Native people successfully protected their lands and communities from settler control.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Americans later built a canal in the 1830s. You can explore this in this module\u2019s third exercise.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maps and Colonialism\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/h4><p><b>Indigenous <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">people have long created maps to keep record of lands, waters, relations with each other, and the stars. These maps don\u2019t necessarily look like European maps. Instead of being printed on paper, they might be painted or beaded onto leather, etched into bark, or told orally through stories and place names. When Europeans arrived, they didn\u2019t recognize these kinds of maps. They thought they had to create new ones. They did this by writing places down on paper in their journals and diaries. Some of these maps made their way back to Europe. Copies of these maps were then shared with European explorers and settlers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As settlers moved through the Chicago region, they attempted to map the area for several purposes. First, the maps that early explorers and settlers created in North America helped with <\/span><b>navigation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Explorers used these maps to learn about waterways, food sources, and the location of various Native communities. Settlers needed knowledge about how to move through Native spaces socially and geographically. Having this knowledge eventually fueled their desire to control the space.\u00a0 However, these maps could never have been created without heavy influence from Native people. During the early contact period, Jesuits and other early explorers often consulted with Native people at trading centers like Michilimackinac (present-day Mackinaw Island) before going on a journey. They knew Native people had deep knowledge of their territories. They asked Native people to help them understand seasonal changes or the present location of various Native groups, which they then marked on their maps.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Settlers also created <\/span><b>navigational<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> maps for <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">military purposes<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These maps were often made by people who were not professional mapmakers. For example, an anonymous author created the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1VFjmA2PZi1CWfJMN7FOic2x-iu6Q_5YA\/view?usp=drive_link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1812 Hay Map<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for Illinois Governor Ninian Edwards. Edwards wanted it to prepare to militarily invade Indigenous territories. By the time the Hay Map was created, it was common for white traders to marry Native women to build <\/span><b>kinship<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ties with Native communities. This was necessary for both their survival and successful trading, and it also meant that traders could access information for mapping. Edwards reached out to several people for information before starting his military invasion. One of those people (and possibly the mapmaker) was French fur trader Louis Buisson, who was married to Sheshi (Suzanne Chevalier), a Potawatomi woman.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Artistic versions of printed maps were used to increase public support for colonialism. Many of these maps romanticized the so-called \u201cNew World,\u201d by including colorful images of Native people, plants, and animals. Their goal was to make the \u201cNew World\u201d look interesting to investors, so that others would give money to expand colonialism.\u00a0 Others showed vast empty territory, pretending that the land didn\u2019t have people living on it already. Many of the maps showed areas that settlers had never traveled, and most of the cartographers had never been to the \u201cNew World\u201d\u00a0 so they had often never even seen the land they were drawing. Instead, they used written narratives and measurements of Jesuit expeditions that were sent back to Europe. There could be up to a fifty-year gap between the Jesuits taking their notes and the printing and publication of the maps they created. A lot can change in fifty years! The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/collections.carli.illinois.edu\/digital\/collection\/nby_chicago\/id\/1480\/rec\/1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1718 Nicolas de Fer map<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a good example of this type of map. While these maps aren\u2019t always very accurate, they do tell us a lot about European plans for expansion. They also demonstrate the presence and importance of Indigenous people. This shows that the \u201cNew World\u201d was actually a Native world that explorers were entering (not discovering!).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Colonial powers also used early maps to<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> identify natural resources <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that could be taken for various reasons. It was common for early French maps to chart copper, saltpeter, and iron mines, among other natural resources. This could help them tell people with power back in Europe about an area\u2019s potential for <\/span><b>exploitation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/resource\/g4042m.rb000005\/?r=-0.041,-0.012,1.111,0.477,0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1673 map from the Marquette expedition<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shows various natural resources. This map circulated widely and was meant to inspire support for future colonial endeavors. Once they saw these resources, Europeans used maps to \u201cclaim\u201d specific areas in their name, even though Native people were already living there.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h6>\u00a0<\/h6><h6><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sources:<\/span><\/i><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arvin, Maile, Eve Tuck, and Angie Morrill, \u201cDecolonizing Feminism: Challenging Connections between Settler Colonialism and Heteropatriarchy,\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Feminist Formations<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 25, no. 1 (2013): 8\u201334.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keating, Ann Durkin. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rising Up From Indian Country: The Battle of Fort Dearborn and the Birth of Chicago. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012).\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kimmerer, Robin Wall. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Minneapolis: Milkweed Editions, 2015).\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lewis, G. Malcolm, ed. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cartographic Encounters: Perspectives on Native American Mapmaking and Map Use. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nelson, John William. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Muddy Ground: Native Peoples, Chicago\u2019s Portage, and the Transformation of a Continent. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2023).\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simpson, Leanne Betasamosake. \u201cLooking after Gdoo-Naaganinaa: Precolonial Nishnaabeg Diplomatic and Treaty Relationships.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wicaso Sa Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 23, no. 2 (2008): 29\u201342.<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Warhus, Marc. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another America: Native American Maps and the History of Our Land<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (New York: St. Martin\u2019s Griffin, 1997).\u00a0<\/span><\/h6><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6696\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6696\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Steps<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6696\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6696\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1541\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-1024x774.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background-768x580.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Del-Real_Small-Motif-no-background.png 1048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><strong>Note to teachers<\/strong>: We invite you to use the components of the Indigenous Chicago curriculum that best align with the needs of your classroom. The following suggested steps can be modified as needed, and we invite you to use the teacher\u2019s history brief to inspire new exercises that best meet the needs of your students. Please note that we suggest shortening, rather than modifying, the language of historical sources to best reflect the original source\u2019s context, intention, and voice.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You might want to use one of the following resources as you work through the sources below:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the National Archives\u2019 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/education\/lessons\/worksheets\/analyze-a-video-intermediate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;\u201cAnalyzing a Video\u201d<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> guide&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Library of Congress\u2019 Teacher\u2019s Guide sheet for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/static\/programs\/teachers\/getting-started-with-primary-sources\/documents\/Analyzing_Maps.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analyzing Maps<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the Library of Congress\u2019 Teacher\u2019s Guide sheet for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/static\/programs\/teachers\/getting-started-with-primary-sources\/documents\/Analyzing_Primary_Sources.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Analyzing Primary Sources<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. Review the information in the Background section above.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. To prepare for the primary sources you\u2019re about to look at, create a chart like the one below (adapted from Nokes, 2022, p. 130):<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Source number<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>What should I know about the source and its maker? <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(HIPP: historical context, intended audience, purpose, perspective\/point of view)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><b>What does the source tell me? <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(summary)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><b>How does the source compare to the information in other sources?<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. This exercise focuses on the period from 1795 to 1833, when many local Native nations were signing <\/span><b>treaties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with the United States. Look at Source 1, this <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/felt.com\/map\/Chicago-Treaty-Map-I7TKoJcaQpyBgCJuz5CKKC?loc=41.685,-87.262,6.87z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">map of the <\/span><b>treaties<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in our region. The people who negotiated and signed the treaties had their own ways of thinking about and relating to the land. In this exercise, we\u2019ll look at some of those beliefs and how they shaped treaty making.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Which Native nations signed treaties in this region? These nations had relationships with this region\u2019s lands and waters before colonization stretching back thousands of years.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div><br><\/div><div><br><\/div><div><br><\/div><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4. Prepare to watc<\/span><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 1rem;\">h Source 2, the film <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/8uBuxbdr5Qs?si=nLzGUZsCLt4oWJV8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 1rem;\"><i>Oshkigin: Spirit of Fire<\/i><\/a><i style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">. <\/i><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 1rem;\">Before viewing, read through the following questions. Then, answer them as you view the film.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 1000px;\" width=\"1000px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 500px;\"><strong><em>Oshkigin: Spirit of Fire<\/em> viewing questions<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 500px;\">Answers<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do the scientists and knowledge keepers in the film use trees and the landscape as a source of historical information?&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why do humans need fire to survive?<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How have Indigenous peoples used controlled burns to shape the landscape in the Great Lakes region? What medicines, foods, and trade goods were available as a result of controlled burns?<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What United States policies interrupted Indigenous relationships with controlled burns in the region?<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How did the interruption of controlled burns change the landscape?<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How are Indigenous people reclaiming the place of fire in the region today?<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do the knowledge keepers in the film connect their family histories with the land?<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do the knowledge keepers in the film see their own health and well-being relative to the health and well-being of the land?<\/span><\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Think about the relationship between Indigenous people, fire, and the land based on what you saw in the film and wrote in your viewing guide. On the side of the t-chart below labeled \u201cIndigenous perspectives,\u201d list the values you think define Indigenous relationships with land.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 500px;\"><strong>Left: Indigenous perspectives on land at the time of treaty making (note the plural in Indigenous <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">perspectives<\/span>! While there are some similarities across Native nations, there are also many distinctions between Native communities)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 500px;\">Right: You\u2019ll return to this side later!<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do Indigenous peoples see their relationship with lands, waters, animals, and plants?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do Indigenous worldviews see lands and waters as relatives<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to whom people have caretaking responsibilities?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do Indigenous practices for land management show gratitude to the land?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How would an approach to the land grounded in respect, responsibility, and reciprocity have impacted the priorities and approaches of Indigenous signatories at treaty talks?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6. Now we\u2019re going to look at a source that shows us European perspectives on land. Re-read the Background section on maps. Then, take a look at Source 3, the Carte de la d\u00e9couverte faite l&#8217;an 1673 dans l&#8217;Am\u00e9rique septentrionale, also known as \u201cthe Marquette Map.\u201d&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1219 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-1024x429.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-1024x429.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-300x126.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-768x322.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-1536x643.png 1536w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7. First, identify the geographic water markers on the map (note that we have turned the map on its side to better reflect Lake Michigan being on the eastern border of the map):<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1220 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated-1024x507.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated-1024x507.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated-768x381.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated-1536x761.png 1536w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated.png 1538w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What do you notice about the waterways on the map?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do they connect to one another?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why might a European traveler in the 1600s want to know about these specific waterways?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8. Now, look at the map again. Note the locations of the many Native nations whose village sites are listed on the map. These include the Kitchigami, Otoe, Mengakonkia, Peoria, Iillini, Wichita, Kansa, Osage, Missouria, Ho-Chunk, Mascouten, and Kaskaskia.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1221 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated2-1024x523.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated2-1024x523.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated2-300x153.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated2-768x392.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated2.png 1516w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What does map tell you about Indigenous presence in the region?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How many Native nations have territories that are adjacent (next to and touching one another) or overlapping?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What diplomatic relationships between these nations might have shaped their access to these waterways and lands in the 1600s?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why might traveling Europeans ha<\/span>ve wanted to know the locations of specific Native nations?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9. Finally, identify the remaining markers on the map. This glossary may help:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>French<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>English<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mines de fer (<\/span><b>meen<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> duh <\/span><b>fehr<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">iron mines<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pierres sanguines (pee\u00b7<\/span><b>ehr<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sahn\u00b7goo\u00b7<\/span><b>een<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bloodstones<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mine de cuivre (<\/span><b>meen<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> duh coo\u00b7<\/span><b>eevr<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">copper mine<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">montagne de marbre, salpetre, ardoise&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(mohn\u00b7<\/span><b>tahn<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> duh <\/span><b>mahr<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7br, sahl\u00b7<\/span><b>pet<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7r, <\/span><b>ahr<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b7dwas)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mountain of marble, saltpeter, slate<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*saltpeter is used to make gunpowder<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">charbon de terre (sh\u00b7ahr\u00b7<\/span><b>bohn <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">duh tehr)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">coal<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">chemin de retour (sh\u00b7eh\u00b7<\/span><b>meh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> duh reh\u00b7<\/span><b>toor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cpath of return,\u201d shows a return trip<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">chemin de l\u2019all\u00e9e (sh\u00b7eh\u00b7<\/span><b>meh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> duh lah\u00b7<\/span><b>lay<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cpath to go,\u201d shows an outward trip<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">portage (pohr\u00b7<\/span><b>tahj<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">portage (a place to carry a boat from one waterway to another)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1223 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated3-1-1024x567.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated3-1-1024x567.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated3-1-300x166.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated3-1-768x425.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-annotated3-1.png 1520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Who do you think Marquette\u2019s audience was?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why might these map points be interesting to his readers?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why would readers want to know the location of iron, bloodstone, copper, marble, saltpeter, slate, or coal?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why would they want to know the direction of travel in the river?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10. Having viewed Marquette\u2019s map from three angles, what ideas about land would have led someone to make a map like this? What values or beliefs about the land does this map represent?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">11. Returning to your t-chart above, add in the right column for settler approaches to land at the time of treaty-making. While many of the treaties were negotiated long after Marquette made his map, the values remained consistent within European and American contexts. You can draw on your discussions of the map to fill out the chart.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 500px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Left: Indigenous perspectives on land at the time of treaty making (note the plural in Indigenous <\/span><b>perspectives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">! While there are some similarities across Native nations, there are also many distinctions between Native communities)<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 500px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Right: Settler approaches to land at the time of treaty-making<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do Indigenous peoples see their relationship with lands, waters, animals, and plants?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do Indigenous worldviews see lands and waters as relatives<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to whom people have caretaking responsibilities?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Indigenous people, can you own water?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How do Indigenous practices for land management show gratitude to the land?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How would an approach to the land grounded in respect, responsibility, and reciprocity have impacted the priorities and approaches of Indigenous signatories at treaty talks?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How did European (and later American) approaches to the land differ from Indigenous ones?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How did an emphasis on exploration for extraction shape European and later American orientations to the lands and waters of this place?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For settlers, can you own water?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the land is seen as a set of minerals, rocks, and trees to be extracted for profit, how does that impact our relationship to it?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How might this orientation have shaped United States signatories and negotiators in treaty talks?&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 1rem;\"><br><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 1rem;\">12. Summing it up!&nbsp; What you\u2019ve just done is what a lot of historians of Native history do! You pulled together Native sources and colonial sources to get a fuller picture of the past. Now looking across the chart, map, and your viewing guide for <\/span><i style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight ); font-size: 1rem;\">Oshkigin<\/i><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-size: 1rem;\">, compare Indigenous and settler perspectives on land. Think back to the Hook and Jason Wesaw\u2019s language around lands and waters. Let\u2019s zoom in on copper: Wesaw\u2019s blanket invokes copper as a healing element connected to water and prayer, while Marquette\u2019s map pinpoints copper for extraction, exportation, and profit. Use the stories from this module so far (copper, water, and controlled burns) as you think about these final questions: What were Indigenous perspectives on land? What were European and American perspectives on land? Where are these perspectives similar and where do they differ?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1224\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Screenshot-2024-09-04-at-1.37.21-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"505\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Screenshot-2024-09-04-at-1.37.21-PM.png 934w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Screenshot-2024-09-04-at-1.37.21-PM-300x216.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Screenshot-2024-09-04-at-1.37.21-PM-768x554.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6697\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6697\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Source 1: Indigenous Chicago Treaty Map<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6697\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6697\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An interactive version of this map, which shows more detail about the treaties, is available <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/felt.com\/map\/Chicago-Treaty-Map-I7TKoJcaQpyBgCJuz5CKKC?loc=41.685,-87.262,6z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">here.<\/span><\/a><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Indigenous Chicago Team at the Newberry Library created this map by using the texts of the treaties and the descriptions of the land tracts ceded. On the interactive version of the map, clicking on each polygon will give you more information about the treaty itself and the conditions surrounding the negotiation.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><iframe title=\"Felt Map\" src=\"https:\/\/felt.com\/embed\/map\/Chicago-Treaty-Map-I7TKoJcaQpyBgCJuz5CKKC?loc=42.206%2C-90.901%2C5.5z&amp;legend=1&amp;cooperativeGestures=1&amp;link=0&amp;geolocation=0&amp;zoomControls=1&amp;scaleBar=1\" width=\"100%\" height=\"488\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h6><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Source citation: Newberry Library, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indigenous Chicago Treaty Map, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2024. indigenous-chicago.org. <\/span><\/h6><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6698\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6698\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Source 2: Oshkigin: Spirit of Fire, by Tom Deschenes, Andrew Bydlon, and Old Saw Media, 2021<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6698\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6698\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The film is available in full <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/8uBuxbdr5Qs?si=nLzGUZsCLt4oWJV8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">here.<\/span><\/a><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This 16-minute documentary helps us understand Indigenous relationships with land. The film focuses on controlled burns. In the film, <\/span><b>Ojibwe<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> fire specialists and non-Native researchers talk about Indigenous fire practices and the US legislation that suppressed them. The film takes place on the Fond du Lac Ojibwe reservation in Minnesota and the Red Cliff Ojibwe reservation in Wisconsin. You can learn more about the making of the film in this <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/g9UjKDV2eBk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recorded discussion<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/8uBuxbdr5Qs?si=nLzGUZsCLt4oWJV8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1229 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Oshkigin-1024x465.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Oshkigin-1024x465.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Oshkigin-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Oshkigin-768x348.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Oshkigin-1536x697.png 1536w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Oshkigin.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-6699\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-6699\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 192 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><svg class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Source 3: Carte de la d\u00e9couverte faite l'an 1673 dans l'Am\u00e9rique septentrionale, also known as \u201cthe Marquette map\u201d<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-6699\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-6699\"><figure id=\"attachment_1231\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1231\" style=\"width: 213px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1231\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Pere-Marquette-213x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"213\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Pere-Marquette-213x300.png 213w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Pere-Marquette.png 644w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 213px) 100vw, 213px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1231\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Section of the painting, &#8220;P\u00e8re Marquette and the Indians&#8221; by Wilhelm Lamprecht, 1869. Haggerty Museum of Art.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A higher resolution version of the map is available <a href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/resource\/g4042m.rb000005\/?r=-0.074%2C-0.141%2C1.111%2C0.594%2C0&amp;st=image\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here<\/a>, and versions with the sites labeled are available here.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jacques Marquette was a Jesuit missionary who traveled through the Mississippi River Valley in the late 1600s. He was born in France in 1637 and arrived in Quebec in 1666. Marquette spent time with many Indigenous communities north of the St. Lawrence River and studied several Indigenous languages. In 1673, Marquette left St. Ignace (a French settlement in what is now known as Michigan) with Louis Jolliet, a French explorer. Together, they traveled through present-day Wisconsin to the Mississippi River. Once on the river, they traveled hundreds of miles south to what is now called the Arkansas River. However, on their return journey, Native people told them about a shortcut through the Chicago <\/span><b>portage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Even though Kaskaskia people guided Marquette and his group through the <\/span><b>portage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, he and Jolliet are frequently credited for \u201cdiscovering\u201d Chicago.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The original manuscript version of this map was probably meant for other Jesuit missionaries, but the fact that this version is printed and was circulated with Marquette\u2019s published journals tells us this map was for a larger audience. This map is especially interesting for how it documents natural resources as well as trade and travel routes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1219 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-1024x429.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-1024x429.png 1024w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-300x126.png 300w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-768x322.png 768w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map-1536x643.png 1536w, https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d123b6d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d123b6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80d26e8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"80d26e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9186048 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9186048\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Downloadable Documents<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76d936c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76d936c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Everything in this module will be available to download as Word documents. Coming soon!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How did settler and Indigenous perspectives on land differ at the time of treaty-making?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1219,"parent":918,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1212","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Question 1 - Indigenous Chicago<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-2\/question-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Question 1 - Indigenous Chicago\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How did settler and Indigenous perspectives on land differ at the time of treaty-making?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-2\/question-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Indigenous Chicago\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-09-19T20:20:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"670\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"22 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/module-2\\\/question-1\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/module-2\\\/question-1\\\/\",\"name\":\"Question 1 - Indigenous Chicago\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/module-2\\\/question-1\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/module-2\\\/question-1\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/Marquette-Map.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-04T18:05:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-09-19T20:20:59+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/module-2\\\/question-1\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/module-2\\\/question-1\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/module-2\\\/question-1\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/Marquette-Map.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/Marquette-Map.png\",\"width\":1600,\"height\":670},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/module-2\\\/question-1\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Curriculum Overview\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Module 2 Landing Page\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/curriculum\\\/module-2\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Question 1\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/\",\"name\":\"Indigenous Chicago\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Indigenous Chicago\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/Indigenous-Chicago-Log_Del-Real.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/Indigenous-Chicago-Log_Del-Real.png\",\"width\":1330,\"height\":1038,\"caption\":\"Indigenous Chicago\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/test.newberry.org\\\/indigenous-chicago\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Question 1 - Indigenous Chicago","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-2\/question-1\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Question 1 - Indigenous Chicago","og_description":"How did settler and Indigenous perspectives on land differ at the time of treaty-making?","og_url":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-2\/question-1\/","og_site_name":"Indigenous Chicago","article_modified_time":"2024-09-19T20:20:59+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1600,"height":670,"url":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"22 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-2\/question-1\/","url":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-2\/question-1\/","name":"Question 1 - Indigenous Chicago","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-2\/question-1\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-2\/question-1\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map.png","datePublished":"2024-09-04T18:05:15+00:00","dateModified":"2024-09-19T20:20:59+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-2\/question-1\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-2\/question-1\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-2\/question-1\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Marquette-Map.png","width":1600,"height":670},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-2\/question-1\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Curriculum Overview","item":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Module 2 Landing Page","item":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/curriculum\/module-2\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Question 1"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/#website","url":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/","name":"Indigenous Chicago","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/#organization","name":"Indigenous Chicago","url":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Indigenous-Chicago-Log_Del-Real.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Indigenous-Chicago-Log_Del-Real.png","width":1330,"height":1038,"caption":"Indigenous Chicago"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1212"}],"version-history":[{"count":41,"href":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2635,"href":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1212\/revisions\/2635"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/918"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/test.newberry.org\/indigenous-chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}